Exposure of ELF-EMF and RF-EMF Increase the Rate of Glucose Transport and TCA Cycle in Budding Yeast

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the transcriptional response to 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and 2.0 GHz radio frequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure by Illumina sequencing technology using budding yeast as the model organism. The transcription levels of 28 genes were upregulated and those of four genes were downregulated under ELF-EMF exposure, while the transcription levels of 29 genes were upregulated and those of 24 genes were downregulated under RF-EMF exposure. After validation by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), a concordant direction of change both in differential gene expression (DGE) and RT-qPCR was demonstrated for nine genes under ELF-EMF exposure and for 10 genes under RF-EMF exposure. The RT-qPCR results revealed that ELF-EMF and RF-EMF exposure can upregulate the expression of genes involved in glucose transportation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, but not the glycolysis pathway. Energy metabolism is closely related with the cell response to environmental stress including EMF exposure. Our findings may throw light on the mechanism underlying the biological effects of EMF.

Transcriptomic responses of Microcystis aeruginosa under electromagnetic radiation exposure

“…This experiment is an exploratory experiment that found some response of cyanobacteria to electromagnetic radiation. Previous studies in our laboratory have found that electromagnetic waves have effects on the energy metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans 59 , 60 and yeast 61 , which is similar to the results of this experiment. Next, we need to further study the mechanism of electromagnetic radiation's influence on energy metabolism pathway and changes in energy metabolism-related metabolites and so on.…”

Human Fibroblasts In Vitro Exposed to 2.45 GHz Continuous and Pulsed Wave Signals: Evaluation of Biological Effects with a Multimethodological Approach

“…In the present study, despite the fold change detected by mRNA-seq, which was not the same and was generally larger than that obtained by RT-PCR, as reported in a previous study [ 63 ], it was possible to observe, for all the genes analyzed, a similar trend between the results obtained from the two methodologies, in terms of direction of change. The discrepancies between the fold changes observed with the two methods can be related to the differences in the normalization process of data analysis between the two techniques, since the unit of measure is different.…”

“…To the best of our knowledge, only three in vivo studies evaluated the genome-wide mRNA expression profile using the Illumina sequencing technology, reporting differentially expressed genes in Caernorhabditis elegans after prolonged exposure to 1.75 GHz (SAR = 3 W/kg) [ 62 ] and in some genes related to energy metabolism in budding yeast after exposure to 50 Hz and 2.0 GHz [ 63 ]. A more recent study performed on Escherichia coli K-12 DH5α exposed to 2.4 GHz for 5 h reported that most of the genes identified were involved in many cellular and metabolic processes [ 64 ].…”

Electromagnetic Radiation Disturbed the Photosynthesis of Microcystis aeruginosa at the Proteomics Level

“…Fourth, the surface temperature of each sample during the exposure period was checked using a thermal imager (Testo 890). All of the monitoring data showed that the temperature of the control and exposure samples remained stable 30 . Experimental exposure device was shown in Fig.…”