Exposure risk assessment of nine metal elements in Chongqing hotpot seasoning

Abstract

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) were used to analyze the contents of nine metal elements (Pb, As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) in 100 groups of Chongqing hotpot seasoning (CHS).

Comparative Exposure Assessment of Potential Health Risks through the Consumption of Vegetables Irrigated by Freshwater/Wastewater: Gujranwala, Pakistan

“…The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the heavy metals was calculated based on their mean concentration found in each vegetable sample, and daily intake of vegetables was taken in grams. The following eq was employed to estimate the EDI value of each heavy metal by using the formula described by Zheng et al with little modification where C m is the metal concentration (mg/kg) in a vegetable sample on a dry weight basis, C f is the concentration conversion factor (which is 0.085) to convert fresh vegetable weight to dry weight, , E f represents (365 days/year) the exposure frequency, E d is the exposure duration which is equivalent to the average lifetime (66 years), F IR denotes the average consumption of vegetables (177 g/person/day), T A is the average exposure time in days (66 years × 365 days), B W is an adult body mass which is 61 kg of local inhabitants, and 0.001 is the unit conversion factor.…”

“…The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the heavy metals was calculated based on their mean concentration found in each vegetable sample, and daily intake of vegetables was taken in grams. The following eq I was employed to estimate the EDI value of each heavy metal by using the formula described by Zheng et al 47 with little modification…”

Concentration, source identification and potential human health risk assessment of heavy metals in chicken meat and egg in Bangladesh

“…From the consumption of hen egg, the highest mean EDI was measured for Fe (4.39E-03) while the lowest value was measured for Cd and Hg (2.31E-06) (Table S6). The EDI results were compared with the respective maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) of individual heavy metal suggested by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive (JECFA) for Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Hg and China National Standards (CNS) for Mn, Fe, and Zn (Zheng et al, 2020). Figure 4 clearly demonstrated that EDI values for all the analyzed heavy metals were below the respective MTDI levels indicating that it was unlikely to experience adverse health effects from exposure to the targeted heavy metals.…”

“…Reference dose (RfD) states to a quantity that a consumer can be unceasingly exposed to this level for a long period without being affected. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) recommended RFDs are 0.0035 mg/kg-bw/day for Pb, 0.00083 mg/kg-bw/day for Cd, 0.0083 mg/kgbw/day for Cr, and 0.00057 mg/kg-bw/day for Hg (Zheng et al, 2020). According to the guidelines of Chinese Nutrition Society (CNS), the RfDs for Mn is 0.183 mg/kg-bw/day and for Fe and Zn is 0.667 mg/kg-bw/day (Zheng et al, 2020).…”

“…where, CSFo is the carcinogenic slope factor of 0.0085 (mg/kg/day) −1 for Pb, 6.3 (mg/kg/day) −1 for Cd, 0.5 (mg/kg/day) −1 for Cr, and 1.5 (mg/kg/day) −1 for inorganic As set by USPEA (USPEA, 1989;Ullah et al, 2017;Zheng et al, 2020).…”