Exposure Scenarios and Guidance Values for Urban Soil Pollutants

Boyd, Helle Buchardt; Pedersen, Finn; Cohr, Karl-Heinz; Damborg, Axel; Jakobsen, Bodil M.; Kristensen, Philip Trøst; Samsøe-Petersen, Lise

doi:10.1006/rtph.1999.1345

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Risk assessment tools have been extensively employed by regulatory authorities to define soil screening levels or soil guideline values. However, only a few research studies have attempted to use these same tools to evaluate the risk from exposure to toxic elements and radionuclides in urban environments (Boyd et al, 1999;Crick et al, 1987;Nadal et al, 2004). This paper presents the main findings of a study carried out in Luanda (Angola), during the dry months of August and September 2002 with two purposes: to discuss the differences in the geochemical nature between street dust in a tropical environment and that found in cities of developed regions; and to evaluate, by means of risk assessment strategies, the potential adverse health effects of the exposure of children living in Luanda to street dust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment

Ferreira-Baptista

Miguel²

2005

Atmospheric Environment

908

290

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A total of 92 samples of street dust were collected in Luanda, Angola, were sieved below 100 urn, and analysed by ICP-MS for 35 elements after an aqua-regia digestion. The concentration and spatial heterogeneity of trace elements in the street dust of Luanda are generally lower than in most industrialized cities in the Northern hemisphere. These observations reveal a predominantly "natural" origin for the street dust in Luanda, which is also manifested in that some geochemical processes that occur in natural soils are preserved in street dust: the separation of uranium from thorium, and the retention of the former by carbonate materials, or the high correlation between arsenic and vanadium due to their common mode of adsorption on solid particles in the form of oxyanions. The only distinct anthropogenic fingerprint in the composition of Luanda's street dust is the association Pb-Cd-Sb-Cu (and to a lesser extent, Ba-Cr-Zn). The use of risk assessment strategies has proved helpful in identifying the routes of exposure to street dust and the trace elements therein of most concern in terms of potential adverse health effects. In Luanda the highest levels of risk seem to be associated (a) with the presence of As and Pb in the street dust and (b) with the route of ingestion of dust particles, for all the elements included in the study except Hg, for which inhalation of vapours presents a slightly higher risk than ingestion. However, given the large uncertainties associated with the estimates of toxicity values and exposure factors, and the absence of site-specific biometric factors, these results should be regarded as preliminary and further research should be undertaken before any definite conclusions regarding potential health effects are drawn.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment

Ferreira-Baptista

Miguel²

2005

Atmospheric Environment

908

290

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“…Wang et al (2009) reported that the concentration of HCHs in some park was higher than the class I soil standard of the Chinese environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995, 50 ng/g). However, studies concerning HCH levels in different land uses of urban soils and its impact on public health in Beijing are lacking (Boyd et al 1999;Li et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of HCHs in Urban Soils of Beijing, China

Yang

Xia

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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The concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were investigated in urban soil samples collected from business area, classical garden (CL), culture and educational area, large public green space (LA), residential area, and roadside area in Beijing. HCH concentrations ranged from 0.32 to 136.43 ng/g, with a geometric mean of 3.46 ng/g. The HCH concentrations in CL and LA were much higher than that in the other types of land use, which was due to the usage of HCHs to protect vegetation in CL and LA. Source identification showed that contamination source of HCHs was derived from historical HCHs (including technical HCHs and Lindane) as well as the long-range atmospheric transportation of HCHs. HCH concentrations showed a decreasing trend from the city centre to the suburb, and it increased with the age of the urban area. HCHs were negatively correlated with pH and positively correlated with total organic carbon and black carbon in soils. Health risk assessment with CalTOX and Monte Carlo analysis showed that health risks mainly came from dermal uptake and inhalation exposure pathways, and the total risk values were lower than the acceptable health risk value (10(- 6)). The sensitivity analysis indicated that the reaction half-life of HCHs in soil, fraction dermal uptake from soil, exposure duration, and organic carbon fraction in soil significantly contributed to the variance of the health risk.

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“…Knowledge of the main use of the soil in a particular area may be of help in order to interpret the results of an environmental survey, as it can reveal different practices (tillage, fertilisation, chemical treatments) or inputs (vicinity to traffic, presence of waste material) or side effects (compaction), which may lead to differences in the fate of pollutants. Moreover, knowing how the soil is used may help in assessing human health hazards and risks (Boyd et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of a municipal solid waste incinerator to the trace metals in the surrounding soil

Bretzel

Calderisi

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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This study analyses the pedological environment of the area near a municipal waste incinerator that has been operating in the south-east district of Pisa for approximately 20 years. There are many other industrial activities in the area besides the incinerator, which represent possible sources of pollution, as well as heavy road traffic. The study area was defined by a 0-4-km zone around the site with a population of approximately 12,000 residents. The study included the physical and chemical characterisation of 100 samples of soil and an analysis of trace metals such as Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg, As and Cd. The samples were grouped into soil use categories. The results showed Zn, Pb and Hg correlated with their potentially mobile fractions, and suggested an anthropic contribution to their presence in the soil. Ni, Cr and As showed values attributable to a lithological origin. This was consistent with the PCA results. The aim was to define the environmental state of the soil of the area in order to create a reference for future research and to verify the possible presence of pollution from other sources (local industrial activities and traffic).

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Exposure Scenarios and Guidance Values for Urban Soil Pollutants

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment

Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: A tropical urban environment

Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of HCHs in Urban Soils of Beijing, China

Contribution of a municipal solid waste incinerator to the trace metals in the surrounding soil

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