Exposure Therapy

Blakey, Shannon M.; Reuman, Lillian; Jacoby, Ryan J.; Abramowitz, Jonathan S.

doi:10.1002/9781118890233.ch31

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…To better highlight the importance of the topic (and also to illustrate the heterogeneity of how it has been approached), 4% to 36% of OCD patients have poor or no insight about their symptoms and their pathology (8, 35–38). This poor insight subset of patients can accommodate their symptoms and take more time to seek treatment, which would associate poor insight with longer duration of illness or longer time without treatment, all of which are negative predictors for the therapeutic process of OCD, showing a worse prognosis (8, 35, 39–46).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of Insight in Patients With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: An Exploratory Comparative Study Between Patients With “Good Insight” and “Poor Insight”

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Insight may be defined as the ability to perceive and evaluate external reality and to separate it from its subjective aspects. It also refers to the ability to self-assess difficulties and personal qualities. Insight may be a predictor of success in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), so that individuals with poor insight tend to become refractory to treatment. The objective of this study is to investigate factors associated with poor insight in individuals with OCD. Methods: This cross-sectional exploratory study used the Brown Belief Assessment Scale as a parameter for the creation of the comparison groups: individuals who obtained null scores (zero) composed the group with preserved or good insight ( n = 148), and those with scores above the 75% percentile composed the group with poor insight ( n = 124); those with intermediate scores were excluded. Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical and psychopathological aspects, intrinsic and extrinsic to the typical symptoms of OCD, were compared in a univariate analysis. A logistic regression was used to determine which factors associated with critical judgment remained significant. Results: Individuals in the poor insight group differed from those with good insight in regard to: more prevalent use of neuroleptics ( p = 0.05); higher untreated time interval ( p < 0.001); higher total Yale–Brown obsessive–compulsive scale score and the obsessions and compulsions factors (all factors with p < 0.001); higher dimensional Yale–Brown obsessive–compulsive scale total and dimensional scores ( p from 0.04 to 0.001); higher prevalence of contamination/cleaning ( p = 0.006) and hoarding ( p < 0.001) symptoms dimensions; more prevalent sensory phenomena ( p = 0.023); higher levels of depression ( p = 0.007); and more prevalent comorbidity with bipolar affective disorder ( p = 0.05) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) ( p = 0.04). After analyzing the logistic regression, we conclude that the most important factors associated with poor insight are: the presence of any sensory phenomena (OR: 2.24), use of neuroleptics (OR: 1.66), and hoarding symptoms (OR: 1.15). Conclusion: The variability of insight in patients with OCD seems to be an important psychopathological characteristic in the differentiation of possible subtypes of OCD, since the poor insight is associated with sensory phenomena and greater use of neuroleptics, which makes it possible to conjecture the role of dopaminergic neurocircuits in the neurobiology of this disorder. In addition, there is also an association with the symptoms of hoarding content, admittedly one of the symptomatic contents with less response to...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of Insight in Patients With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: An Exploratory Comparative Study Between Patients With “Good Insight” and “Poor Insight”

et al. 2019

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“…Dual theories of emotion activation suggest that stimulus evaluation depends on the combination of bottom-up (via amygdala to vmPFC) and top-down (via ACC to vmPFC) processes regarding salience stimuli facilitating approach or avoidance behavioural tendencies (Ochsner & Gross, 2007). Previous studies supported exposurebased treatments in reducing symptoms in depression, anxiety, physical health concerns and PTSD (Blakey et al, 2017;Foa & Rauch, 2004;Kaczkurkin & Foa, 2015;Rauch et al, 2009;Watts et al, 2013) which suggests that exposure based-tasks may be applied in several psychopathological conditions.…”

Section: Implications To Psychotherapy and Clinical Practicementioning

confidence: 90%

“…The applicability of exposure methods to various psychopathological conditions is one of the most useful resources available to clinical psychologists and psychotherapists. It can be used to help individuals to deal with anxiety, phobias, panic disorder, OCD and PTSD (Blakey et al, 2017; Kaczkurkin & Foa, 2015; Sripada & Rauch, 2015). Exposure methods can significantly reduce a patient's fearful internal dynamic, enhancing the ability to handle complex/difficult situations, and strengthen the learning that the patient can cope with difficult experiences.…”

Section: Fourteen Neuroscience‐based Principles To Enhance Psychother...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Minding my brain: Fourteen neuroscience‐based principles to enhance psychotherapy responsiveness

Faustino

2022

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Intersections between psychotherapy and neurosciences are at its dawn. The quest to understand the neural underpinnings of psychological processes has led several generations of scientists to explore neural correlates between mind, brain and behaviour. Neuroscience methods and research have given psychology new perspectives and insights about the structure and function of complex neural pathways that underlie human functioning (cognition, emotion, motivation, somatic reactions and interpersonal behaviour). By translating neuroscientific findings into psychotherapeutic principles of change, it is possible to promote responsiveness towards brain dysfunction that underlies patients' psychological malfunctioning. In psychotherapy, responsiveness is a core aspect of the therapeutic change process, especially to adapt psychological interventions to patients' motivational stages and preferences, coping styles, neurobehavioural modes and emotional needs. Within a transtheoretical and translational approach, contemporary neuroscientific findings are revised, discussed and used to attempt to build on 14 theoretical brain‐based principles that may be applied to psychotherapy. Translating these empirical findings into practical principles, clinical strategies and tasks is expected to enhance psychotherapy responsiveness grounded on a science‐based knowledge of brain functioning.

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Exposure Therapy

Cited by 2 publications

References 55 publications

Level of Insight in Patients With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: An Exploratory Comparative Study Between Patients With “Good Insight” and “Poor Insight”

Level of Insight in Patients With Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: An Exploratory Comparative Study Between Patients With “Good Insight” and “Poor Insight”

Minding my brain: Fourteen neuroscience‐based principles to enhance psychotherapy responsiveness

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