Exposure to artificial light at night increases innate immune activity during development in a precocial bird

Saini, Chandan; Hutton, Pierce; Gao, Sisi; Simpson, Richard K.; Giraudeau, Mathieu; Sepp, Tuul; Webb, Emily A.; McGraw, Kevin J.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.04.002

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…MI followed by reperfusion promotes a complex series of inflammatory reactions as noted in a variety of animal studies, including that in rats (Kain et al, 2014;Prabhu and Frangogiannis, 2016). Since light could impact a broad range of organs, including the immune, endocrine and nervous systems (Hasegawa-Ohira et al, 2019;Memari et al, 2019;Saini et al, 2019). In addition, hormone and automatic nerve can influence the inflammation level remarkably (Chrousos, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We employed constant light exposure for 2-4 weeks and checked the effectiveness of the animal model with plasma melatonin and spontaneous activity. According to published literature, duration of constant light exposure differs with a range from 2 to 12 weeks (Alves-Simoes et al, 2016;Abdel Gawad et al, 2019;Saini et al, 2019;Tchekalarova et al, 2019). Before adopting a 2/4-week exposure as our protocol, a bunch of preliminary experiments were performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constant Light Exerted Detrimental Cardiovascular Effects Through Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Normal and Heart Failure Rats

Jing¹,

Wu²,

et al. 2020

Front. Neurosci.

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It has been documented that constant light exposure exerts complicated cardiovascular effects. However, a mounting collection of conflicting results did not make it any easier for researchers and physicians to consider the role of light on cardiovascular function. This study was designed to investigate how constant light exposure (24 h light/day) influences the cardiac function in normal and heart-failure (HF) rats. In normal rats, two groups of SD rats were accustomed in 12 h light/12 h dark (LD) or 24 h light (constant light, CL) for 4 weeks. In HF rats which was induced by myocardial infarction (MI) was let recover in LD for 4 weeks. Interestingly, compared with rats in LD environment (ejection fraction, EF%: 93.64 ± 2.02 in LD, 14.62 ± 1.53 in HF-LD), constant light (2 weeks) weakened the cardiac function in normal and HF rats (EF%: 79.42 ± 2.91 in CL, 11.50 ± 1.08 in HF-CL). The levels of renal sympathetic nerve activity and c-fos expression in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a key region controlling sympathetic outflow, were significantly increased in normal and HF rats after

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constant Light Exerted Detrimental Cardiovascular Effects Through Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Normal and Heart Failure Rats

Jing¹,

Wu²,

et al. 2020

Front. Neurosci.

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“…Light-emitting diodes covering a wide spectrum (450 < λ < 700 nm) affect daily rhythms of locomotor activity, body temperature, singing and sleep (duration and quality), night-time production of melatonin, proliferation of brain stem cells, immunity and oxidative stress markers, as reported in several species, including the Great Tit Parus major (Ouyang et al, 2015;Raap et al, 2015Raap et al, , 2016ade Jong et al, 2016ade Jong et al, , 2017Raap, 2018), Blackbird Turdus merula (Dominoni et al, 2013b), Indian Weaver Bird Ploceus philippinus (Kumar et al, 2018), Japanese Quail Coturnix japonica, chicken G. domesticus and King Quail Excalfactoria chinesis (Saini C. et al, 2019), Zebra Finches Taeniopygia guttata (Moaraf et al, 2020), and Weaver Ploceus philippinus (Singh et al, 2012). In laboratory experiments the effects were dose-dependent (0.05 to 5 lx) and varied with the spectral composition (de Jong et al, 2016a(de Jong et al, , 2017.…”

Section: Birdsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…LKP2 and FKF1 predominantly control photoperiodic flowering (scent emission, corolla opening, and movements), the former through regulating the circadian clock, and the latter acting downstream of the clock; studies also suggest they contribute to controlling hypocotyl growth (Imaizumi et al, 2003;Dodd et al, 2015;Yon et al, 2016). In fungi, the blue photoreceptor proteins White Collar-1 (WC1) and Vivid (VVD), two LOV domain-containing photoreceptors, are part of the circadian clock machinery (Hurley et al, 2015;Yu and Fischer, 2018;Saini C. et al, 2019).…”

Section: Lov (Light Oxygen or Voltage) Domain Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

et al. 2020

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The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades that catalogue the effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their environment. We provide an overview of the tremendous variety of light-detection strategies which have evolved in living organisms - unicellular, plants and animals, covering chloroplasts (plants), and the plethora of ocular and extra-ocular organs (animals). We describe the visual pigments which permit photo-detection, paying attention to their spectral characteristics, which extend from the ultraviolet into infrared. We discuss how organisms use light information in a way crucial for their development, growth and survival: phototropism, phototaxis, photoperiodism, and synchronization of circadian clocks. These aspects are treated in depth, as their perturbation underlies much of the disruptive effects of ALAN. The review goes into detail on circadian networks in living organisms, since these fundamental features are of critical importance in regulating the interface between environment and body. Especially, hormonal synthesis and secretion are often under circadian and circannual control, hence perturbation of the clock will lead to hormonal imbalance. The review addresses how the ubiquitous introduction of light-emitting diode technology may exacerbate, or in some cases reduce, the generalized ever-increasing light pollution. Numerous examples are given of how widespread exposure to ALAN is perturbing many aspects of plant and animal behaviour and survival: foraging, orientation, migration, seasonal reproduction, colonization and more. We examine the potential problems at the level of individual species and populations and extend the debate to the consequences for ecosystems. We stress, through a few examples, the synergistic harmful effects resulting from the impacts of ALAN combined with other anthropogenic pressures, which often impact the neuroendocrine loops in vertebrates. The article concludes by debating how these anthropogenic changes could be mitigated by more reasonable use of available technology – for example by restricting illumination to more essential areas and hours, directing lighting to avoid wasteful radiation and selecting spectral emissions, to reduce impact on circadian clocks. We end by discussing how society should take into account the potentially major consequences that ALAN has on the natural world and the repercussions for ongoing human health and welfare.

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“…bacterial-killing activity in blood plasma of king quail Excalfactoria chinensis (L. 1766) was increased only after 4 or 6 weeks exposure to weak ALAN (0.3 lx) in developing females and males(Saini et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate immunity, oxidative stress and body indices of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis after two weeks of exposure to artificial light at night

Kupprat

Hölker

Knopf

et al. 2021

Journal of Fish Biology

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Artificial light at night (ALAN) can disrupt biological rhythms of fish and other vertebrates by changing the light information of the nocturnal environment. Disrupted biorhythms can impair the immune system of vertebrates as it has been shown for conditions with continuous illumination or long-day photoperiod in many vertebrates, including fish. Nonetheless, this has not been shown so far for typical ALAN scenarios with high light intensities during day and low light intensities at night. Therefore, in this study, proxies for the innate immune system and oxidative stress as well as body indices of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis were measured under a wide range of intensities of nocturnal illumination. The authors found no changes in parameters of the innate immune system and no significant changes in proxies for oxidative stress after 2-week exposures to nocturnal illuminance ranging from 0.01 lx to 1 lx in one experiment or from 1 lx to 100 lx in a second experiment. A decrease in the hepato-somatic index at the highest tested light intensity of 100 lx compared to the dark control was the only significant difference in all parameters among treatments. After 2 weeks of exposure, ALAN does not seem to seriously challenge the innate immune system and seems to cause less oxidative stress than expected. The results of this study contradict the findings from other studies applying continuous illumination or long-day photoperiod and highlight the importance of further research in this field. Because ALAN represents a sustained modulation of the environment that may have cumulative effects over time, long-term studies are required for a better understanding of how ALAN modulates the health of fish.

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Exposure to artificial light at night increases innate immune activity during development in a precocial bird

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Constant Light Exerted Detrimental Cardiovascular Effects Through Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Normal and Heart Failure Rats

Constant Light Exerted Detrimental Cardiovascular Effects Through Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Normal and Heart Failure Rats

Exposure to Artificial Light at Night and the Consequences for Flora, Fauna, and Ecosystems

Innate immunity, oxidative stress and body indices of Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis after two weeks of exposure to artificial light at night

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