Exposure to Ascaris lumbricoides infection and risk of childhood asthma in north of Iran

Mohammadzadeh, Iraj; Rostami, Ali; Darvish, Sorena; Mehravar, Saeed; Pournasrollah, Mohammad; Javanian, Mostafa; Dooki, Mohammadreza Esmaeili; Gamble, H. Ray

doi:10.1007/s15010-019-01343-0

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In this case-control study, we recruited 145 asthmatic children (55.2% male, mean age 6.88 ± 2.58 years) and 115 healthy controls (56.5% male, mean age 6.62 ± 3.63 years) referred to the asthma and allergy clinic at Amirkola Hospital, the largest referral pediatric hospital in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. 22 The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran (no. IR.MUBABOL.HRI.REC.1396.207).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between seropositivity to human toxocariasis and childhood asthma in northern Iran: a case-control study

Darvish

Mohammadzadeh

Mehravar

et al. 2021

aei

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Background: Besides the well-known risk factors, Toxocara infection is thought to play a significant etiological role in the development of childhood asthma. To further explore this association, the prevalence of Toxocara infection in sera of asthmatic children and healthy controls in northern Iran was investigated. Methods: In this case-control study, cases were 145 physician-confirmed asthmatic children diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines. Controls were 115 age–sex–residence-matched children who did not have physician-diagnosed asthma. The presence of anti-Toxocara immunoglobulin G (IgG) was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used for case-control comparisons. Results: Seropositivity rate was 4.1% (95% CI, 3.4–4.7%) in asthmatic children and 0.86% (95% CI, 0.71–1.0%) in controls, suggesting a strong association (P-value < 0.02). Moreover, Toxocara infection was not significantly more prevalent (P-value = 0.12) in children with moderate sustainable asthma (9.3%, 3/32) than in children with mild sustainable asthma (2.3%, 3/113). Mean total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level was significantly higher in Toxocara-infected children (222.3 ± 367.1) than in non-infected children (143.19 ± 218.05) in the case group (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicated that Toxocara infection can play an important role in childhood asthma. Further experimental and epidemiological studies are needed to clarify this hypothesis.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between seropositivity to human toxocariasis and childhood asthma in northern Iran: a case-control study

Darvish

Mohammadzadeh

Mehravar

et al. 2021

aei

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“…Both Toxocara spp. and A. lumbricoides are ascarid nematodes with worldwide distribution [ 8 , 9 ]. It is estimated that, around the world, about 1.4 billion people are seropositive for Toxocara infection [ 10 – 12 ] and 700 million people are infected with Ascaris infection [ 9 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and A. lumbricoides are ascarid nematodes with worldwide distribution [ 8 , 9 ]. It is estimated that, around the world, about 1.4 billion people are seropositive for Toxocara infection [ 10 – 12 ] and 700 million people are infected with Ascaris infection [ 9 , 13 ]. These parasites have a fecal–oral transmission and poor sanitation status, contact with soil and animals, drinking untreated water, eating unwashed vegetables and crowded or high-density living conditions, as found in tropical developing countries are major risk factors of these infections [ 10 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parasites have a fecal–oral transmission and poor sanitation status, contact with soil and animals, drinking untreated water, eating unwashed vegetables and crowded or high-density living conditions, as found in tropical developing countries are major risk factors of these infections [ 10 , 13 ]. Elevated levels of serum IgE and eosinophilia are the common indicators for both allergic disorders and helminthic infections, therefore it is hypothesized that intestinal or tissue helminthic infections may also play an etiological role in development of allergic disorders [ 9 , 14 – 17 ]. Two comprehensive meta-analyses have showed that Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Northern Iran is an endemic area for many parasitic infections including Toxocara and A. lumbricoides infection [ 9 , 23 – 25 ]. Also prevalence of AR is high in this area [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Toxocara spp. and Ascaris lumbricoides infections and risk of allergic rhinitis in children

Mohammadzadeh

Darvish

Riahi

et al. 2020

Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol

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Background: Substantial experimental studies suggest a role for helminthes infections in the pathogenesis of allergies, but epidemiologic data have been inconsistent. Unlike to asthma, the association between helminthes infection and allergic rhinitis (AR) has been poorly studied. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the association between exposure to Ascaris and Toxocara infections and AR. Methods: We did an age-and gender-matched case-control study of 81 children with physician-confirmed AR and 101 control subjects in a referral hospital for pediatric diseases in northern Iran. Exposure to Ascaris and Toxocara infections was evaluated by anti-A. lumbricoides-and anti-Toxocara-IgG antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Ascaris seropositivity was higher in children with rhinitis than in controls (12.34 vs. 3.96%). Ascaris seropositivity was positively associated with AR in univariate analysis (OR, 3.42; 95% CI 1.03-11.3; P value = 0.035), but this association was not significant after adjustment for potential confounders (OR, 1.85; 95% CI 0.42-8.18). Also Toxocara seropositivity was higher in children with AR than in healthy subjects (3.7% vs. 0.99), indicating nonsignificant association with AR in both univariate (OR, 3.84; 95% CI 0.39-37.7) and multivariate analyses (OR, 0.8; 95% CI 0.04-15.44). Conclusion: Our results revealed that AR is not associated with seropositivity to Ascaris and Toxocara infections in general; however, a higher seropositivity rate was found for both parasites in children with AR. More studies with longitudinal design and larger sample size are needed to elucidate this association.

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Intestinal Nematodes

Weatherhead¹,

Hotez²

2023

Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

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Exposure to Ascaris lumbricoides infection and risk of childhood asthma in north of Iran

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

The association between seropositivity to human toxocariasis and childhood asthma in northern Iran: a case-control study

The association between seropositivity to human toxocariasis and childhood asthma in northern Iran: a case-control study

Exposure to Toxocara spp. and Ascaris lumbricoides infections and risk of allergic rhinitis in children

Intestinal Nematodes

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