Exposure to benzophenone-3 and reproductive toxicity: A systematic review of human and animal studies

Ghazipura, Marya; McGowan, Richard; Arslan, Alan A.; Hossain, Tanzib

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.015

Cited by 130 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The determined estrogen activities of BPA, benzophenone and DEP were to be expected based on previously published results [2,41,42]. The phthalate alternatives TXIB, ATBC, DINCH and DEHTP were tested negative in the ER-CALUX 1 .…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 61%

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Potential endocrine disrupting properties of toys for babies and infants

et al. 2020

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Plastic toys mouthed by children may be a source of exposure to endocrine active substances. The purpose of this study was to measure hormonal activity of substances leaching from toys and to identify potential endocrine disruptors causing that activity. For this purpose, migration experiments of toys were conducted in saliva simulants. The CALUX® assays were used to detect (anti-) estrogenic and (anti-) androgenic activity of 18 toys. Chemical trace analysis-namely, GC-MS and HPLC-MS-was used to identify which compounds may be responsible for endocrine activity in the sample migrates. Nine out of 18 tested toys showed significant estrogenic activity. For two samples, the detected estrogenic activity could be well explained by detecting the known endocrine active substance bisphenol A (BPA). For all identified substances, including BPA, a risk assessment for human health was performed by comparing the exposure dose, calculated based on the determined substance concentration, to toxicological reference values. Using worst-case scenarios, the exposure to BPA by mouthing of the two estrogen active, BPA-containing toys could be above the temporary TDI that EFSA has calculated. This demonstrates that some toys could significantly contribute to the total exposure to BPA of babies and infants. For seven out of nine estrogen active samples, the source of the estrogen activity could not be explained by analysis for 41 known or suspected endocrine active substances in plastic, indicating that the estrogen activities were caused by currently unknown endocrine active substances, or by endocrine active substances that would currently not be suspected in toys.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 61%

“…Two substances, of the six detectable ones, have known endocrine properties, namely, bisphenol A (BPA) and benzophenone [41,42]. BPA is a monomer used in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins and is an integral part of thermo ink paper.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential endocrine disrupting properties of toys for babies and infants

et al. 2020

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“…Hormonal effects : Some have expressed concern that oxybenzone (also called benzophenone‐3), a phenolic compound used as an organic sunscreen agent, has the potential to cause hormonal disruption. The Policy Group noted the recent systematic review that found little evidence to suggest significant harms of these compounds, 35 although the body of evidence is limited. Rodent studies (n=7) yielded inconsistent findings; harms were generally observed only at very high exposures.…”

Section: Evidence Base Regarding Use and Effects Of Sunscreenmentioning

confidence: 99%

When to apply sunscreen: a consensus statement for Australia and New Zealand

Whiteman

Aitken

Gordon

et al. 2019

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Introduction: Cancers of the skin are the most common cancers in humans, with Australia and New Zealand having the world’s highest incidence. Primary prevention campaigns advise people to apply sunscreen to exposed body sites when outdoors. However, despite growing evidence that cumulative sub‐erythemal exposures cause mutational damage, and trial data demonstrating benefit from daily sunscreen use, current policies do not consider the hazards of incidental (everyday) sun exposure. Thus, a Sunscreen Summit was convened to review the evidence and update the policies for people living in Australia and New Zealand. Results: After reviewing the benefits and risks of sunscreen application, the policy group concluded that people living in Australia and New Zealand should be advised to apply sunscreen to the face/head/neck and all parts of the body not covered by clothing on all days when the ultraviolet index is forecast to reach three or greater, irrespective of their anticipated activities. For planned outdoors activities, sunscreen should be used alongside other sun protection measures. Conclusions: People living in Australia and New Zealand are now advised to apply sunscreen every day when the UV index is predicted to reach 3 or above. Implications for public health: Increased use of sunscreen as part of the daily routine to reduce incidental sun exposure will lead to decreased incidence of skin cancer in the future.

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“…Recently, Ghazipura et al. () concluded that exposure to BP‐3 is statistically associated with reproductive toxicity in humans and animals. BP‐3 is frequently used as an organic UV filter in sunscreens, a photoinitiator, an indirect food additive, or a fragrance enhancer (Calafat, Wong, Ye, Reidy, & Needham, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several in vitro and in vivo studies have evidenced the ability of benzophenone-3 (BP-3) to act like an EDC (Schlumpf et al, 2001;Schreurs, Sonneveld, Jansen, Seinen, & van der Burg, 2005;Schultz, Seward, & Sinks, 2000;Suzuki et al, 2005). Recently, Ghazipura et al (2017) concluded that exposure to BP-3 is statistically associated with reproductive toxicity in humans and animals. BP-3 is frequently used as an organic UV filter in sunscreens, a photoinitiator, an indirect food additive, or a fragrance enhancer (Calafat, Wong, Ye, Reidy, & Needham, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturing Rat Whole Ovary for UV Filter Benzophenone‐3 Treatment

et al. 2019

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We describe a detailed protocol to establish a newborn rat whole ovary culture, which enables the study of direct effects (independent of hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis) of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as benzophenone‐3 (BP‐3). This method is useful to understand changes in follicle formation, primordial to primary transition, and expression of regulatory molecules linked to these processes and also provides an alternative to animal models. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Rat ovarian surgery Basic Protocol 2: Whole organ/ovarian culture Basic Protocol 3: RNA isolation and quantitative real‐time PCR Basic Protocol 4: Histological processing and staining

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Exposure to benzophenone-3 and reproductive toxicity: A systematic review of human and animal studies

Cited by 130 publications

References 32 publications

Potential endocrine disrupting properties of toys for babies and infants

Potential endocrine disrupting properties of toys for babies and infants

When to apply sunscreen: a consensus statement for Australia and New Zealand

Culturing Rat Whole Ovary for UV Filter Benzophenone‐3 Treatment

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