Exposure to cadmium and conventional and ambulatory blood pressures in a prospective population study

Staessen, Jan A.; Кузнецова, Т. Н.; Roels, Harry; Емельянов, Д. Н.; Fagard, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(99)00187-9

Cited by 69 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Because of this time lag, the correlations of the biomarkers of internal exposure with the concentrations of the toxic metals in house dust and vegetables might have been stronger than those currently reported. Indeed, we previously demonstrated that over a 5-year period, with a massive decrease in the emissions of the non-ferrous smelters in the polluted area (Staessen et al, 1995) and the gradual introduction of unleaded fuel in Belgium, the concentrations of cadmium and lead in blood dropped by approximately 30% (Staessen et al, 1996a(Staessen et al, , b, 2000, whereas the urinary excretion of cadmium declined by only 15% (Staessen et al, 2000). That the associations of the blood concentrations of cadmium and lead with the external markers of exposure were similar as those for 24-h urinary cadmium underscores the consistency of our findings and might reflect the persistent nature of these pollutants in house dust (Paustenbach et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

House dust as possible route of environmental exposure to cadmium and lead in the adult general population

Hogervorst

Plusquin

Vangronsveld

et al. 2007

Environmental Research

190

100

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Contaminated soil particles and food are established routes of exposure. We investigated the relations between biomarkers of exposure to cadmium and lead, and the metal loading rates in house dust in the adult residents of an area with a soil cadmium concentration of X3 mg/kg (n ¼ 268) and a reference area (n ¼ 205). We determined the metal concentrations in house dust allowed to settle for 3 months in Petri dishes placed in the participants' bedrooms. The continuously distributed vegetable index was the first principal component derived from the metal concentrations in six different vegetables. The biomarkers of exposure (blood cadmium 9.2 vs. 6.2 nmol/L; 24-h urinary cadmium 10.5 vs. 7.0 nmol; blood lead 0.31 vs. 0.24 mmol/L), the loading rates of cadmium and lead in house dust (0.29 vs. 0.12 and 7.52 vs. 3.62 ng/cm 2 /92 days), and the vegetable indexes (0.31 vs. À0.44 and 0.13 vs. À0.29 standardized units) were significantly higher in the contaminated area. A two-fold increase in the metal loading rate in house dust was associated with increases (Po0:001) in blood cadmium (+2.3%), 24-h urinary cadmium (+3.0%), and blood lead (+2.0%), independent of the vegetable index and other covariates. The estimated effect sizes on the biomarkers of internal exposure were three times greater for house dust than vegetables. In conclusion, in the adult population, house dust is potentially an important route of exposure to heavy metals in areas with contaminated soils, and should be incorporated in the assessment of health risks. r

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

House dust as possible route of environmental exposure to cadmium and lead in the adult general population

Hogervorst

Plusquin

Vangronsveld

et al. 2007

Environmental Research

190

100

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“…However, the influence of Cd on the cardiovascular system remains controversial. Cross-sectional and prospective studies by Staessen et al (2000) showed that conventional or 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, or the risk of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases risk (Nawrot et al 2008) in environmentally exposed populations were not associated with 24-h urinary Cd. Subjects with Itai-Itai disease also failed to develop hypertension (Nakagawa and Nishijo 1996).…”

Section: Blood Pressure and Effects On Arteriesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

et al. 2010

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We focus on the recent evidence that elucidates our understanding about the effects of cadmium (Cd) on human health and their prevention. Recently, there has been substantial progress in the exploration of the shape of the Cd concentrationresponse function on osteoporosis and mortality. Environmental exposure to Cd increases total mortality in a continuous fashion without evidence of a threshold, independently of kidney function and other classical factors associated with mortality including age, gender, smoking and social economic status. Pooled hazard rates of two recent environmental population based cohort studies revealed that for each doubling of urinary Cd concentration, the relative risk for mortality increases with 17% (95% CI 4.2-33.1%; P \ 0.0001). Tubular kidney damage starts at urinary Cd concentrations ranging between 0.5 and 2 lg urinary Cd/g creatinine, and recent studies focusing on bone effects show increased risk of osteoporosis even at urinary Cd below 1 lg Cd/g creatinine. The non-smoking adult population has urinary Cd concentrations close to or higher than 0.5 lg Cd/g creatinine. To diminish the transfer of Cd from soil to plants for human consumption, the bioavailability of soil Cd for the plants should be reduced (external bioavailability) by maintaining agricultural and garden soils pH close to neutral (pH-H 2 O of 7.5; pH-KCL of 6.5). Reducing the systemic bioavailability of intestinal Cd can be best achieved by preserving a balanced iron status. The latter might especially be relevant in groups with a lower intake of iron, such as vegetarians, and women in reproductive phase of life. In exposed populations, house dust loaded with Cd is an additional relevant exposure route. In view of the insidious etiology of health effects associated with low dose exposure to Cd and the current European Cd intake which is close to the tolerable weekly intake, one should not underestimate the importance of the recent epidemiological evidence on Cd toxicity as to its medical and public health implications.

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“…1,2) However, other epidemiological studies in Belgium produced evidence inconsistent with the hypothesis that environmental exposure to Cd leads to an increase in blood pressure and a higher prevalence of hypertension. 3,4) Although many reports have shown an increase in blood pressure in experimental animals treated parentally with Cd, 5,6) the effects of dietary administration of Cd over long periods and at low levels on blood pressure remain unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Magnesium Deficiency on Blood Pressure in Normal Rats Fed Cadmium

Nishiyama

Onosaka

Sakai

et al. 2005

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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We attempted to further define the effects of an Mg-deficient diet on blood pressure in rats fed Cd for long periods. Twenty male Wistar rats were grouped according to four different diets: normal diet (N rats); normal diet supplemented with Cd at a dose of 50 µg/g of diet (N rats fed Cd); Mg-deficient diet (D rats); and Mg-deficient diet supplemented with Cd at a dose of 50 µg/g of diet (D rats fed Cd). Each diet was given for 60 days. N rats fed Cd developed a duration-limited increase in blood pressure: by day 60, increased blood pressure returned to the level seen in N rats. Mg deficiency lowered the Cd-induced increase in blood pressure and this response was more pronounced on day 60. A variety of independent blood pressure regulatory mechanisms was investigated. Although Mg deficiency tended to occur at lower concentrations of Cd and metallothionein in the heart of N rats fed Cd and the Cd concentration was less than 5 µg/g of tissue, Mg deficiency increased the Ca concentration in the hearts of N rats fed Cd while a decrease in urinary Na excretion and an increase in water retention were not observed. Diet-related toxic clinical signs in D rats fed Cd induced marked blush on the ears and fingers, indicating vasodilatation had occurred. These findings may have been a factor in the pronounced reduction in blood pressure seen.

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Exposure to cadmium and conventional and ambulatory blood pressures in a prospective population study

Cited by 69 publications

References 27 publications

House dust as possible route of environmental exposure to cadmium and lead in the adult general population

House dust as possible route of environmental exposure to cadmium and lead in the adult general population

Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

Effect of Magnesium Deficiency on Blood Pressure in Normal Rats Fed Cadmium

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