Exposure to community violence and African American children: A multidimensional model of risks and resources

Hill, Hope M.; Madhere, Serge

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199601)24:1<26::aid-jcop3>3.0.co;2-1

Cited by 105 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Class and race also appear to have a positive correlation with violence exposure. For example, exposure to community violence is disproportionately higher among the poor, people of color, and those who live in densely populated urban areas (Foy & Goguen, 1998;Garbarino, Hammond, Mercy, & Yung, 2004;Hill & Madhere, 1996). In addition, economic opportunities, proportion of single-parent families, housing conditions, and number and kinds of youth services and opportunities for youth have profound effects on the nature and context of violence (Greene, 1998).…”

Section: Neighborhood Context and Risk Of Violence Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Community Violence in Context

Aisenberg

Herrenkohl

2008

J Interpers Violence

224

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Although some community violence research has examined the context of community violence, including the social, economic, and structural organization of neighborhoods, more needs to be learned about family, school, and community-level factors that may promote and lessen the incidence and prevalence of community violence. In addition, further research is needed on various social, environmental, and contextual factors hypothesized to protect youth from exposure. This article (a) reviews and examines the relation between neighborhood context and risk of violence exposure, (b) reviews current literature on predictors of community violence and mental health and behavioral consequences for children and families adversely affected by community violence, (c) examines sources of resilience and community strengths that extend beyond the individual, (d) discusses the contributions and limitations of current conceptualizations of risk and resilience, and (e) highlights directions for future research. Information from this review can inform community and government efforts to lessen community violence through prevention and treatment.

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Section: Neighborhood Context and Risk Of Violence Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Community Violence in Context

Aisenberg

Herrenkohl

2008

J Interpers Violence

224

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“…At present, "community violence" appears as an omnibus construct in which the conceptual and operational boundaries have yet to be clearly forged between violence and threat, between physical and psychosocial damage and their relative weight, and between discrete violent events and more chronically dangerous and stressful living circumstances (c.f. Attar et al, 1994;Hill & Madhere, 1996).…”

Section: E Fining Non-physically Injurious Acts As Violentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perceptive processes and coping mechanisms play a substantial role in the degree to which an objective series of events is experienced, responded to, and reported as violent and stressful (e.g., Hill & Madhere, 1996). Perceptive processes, themselves, are shaped by a host of mediating and moderating variables (Gore & Eckenrode, 1996), such as a child's developmental stage, relationships with primary caregivers and social network members, other environmental stressors, or previous experiences with violence or loss (Fitzpatrick, 1993;Guterman & Cameron, 1997).…”

Section: Perceptive and Coping Processes In The Experience Of Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

Definitional and measurement issues in the study of community violence among children and youths

Guterman

Cameron

Staller

2000

J. Community Psychol.

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“…2,8 Residents' perceptions of their neighborhood's safety may be more strongly influenced by neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics than by true levels of violence. [9][10][11][12] Furthermore, self-reported measures are vulnerable to common method bias, in which personality or affective traits influence not only individuals' evaluations of their neighborhoods but also their risk of mental health problems. [13][14][15] It has historically been difficult to obtain neighborhood-level crime data, especially across multiple areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Perceived and Objectively-Measured Neighborhood Violence and Adolescent Psychological Distress

et al. 2016

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Prior research examining links between neighborhood violence and mental health has not been able to establish whether it is perceived levels of neighborhood violence, or actual levels of violent crime, that matter most for adolescents' psychological well-being. In this study, we ascertained both perceived neighborhood safety and objectively-measured neighborhood-level violent crime (using a novel geospatial index of police-reported crime incidents) for 4464 adolescent respondents from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS 2011(CHIS -2014. We used propensity score-matched regression models to examine associations between these measures and CHIS adolescents' symptoms of psychological distress. We found that adolescents who perceived their neighborhood to be unsafe were two times more likely than those who perceived their neighborhood to be safe to report serious psychological distress (OR = 2.4, 95 % CI = 1.20, 4.96). Adolescents who lived in areas objectively characterized by high levels of violent crime, however, were no more likely than their peers in safer areas to be distressed (OR = 1.41; 95 % CI = 0.60, 3.32). Our results suggest that, at the population level, adolescents' perceptions of neighborhood violence, rather than objective levels of neighborhood crime, are most salient for their mental health.

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Exposure to community violence and African American children: A multidimensional model of risks and resources

Cited by 105 publications

References 31 publications

Community Violence in Context

Community Violence in Context

Definitional and measurement issues in the study of community violence among children and youths

Perceived and Objectively-Measured Neighborhood Violence and Adolescent Psychological Distress

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