Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Relation to Behavioral, Emotional, Social and Health Indicators of Slovak School Children

Ševčíková, Ľudmila; Babjaková, Jana; Jurkovičová, Jana; Samohýl, Martin; Stefanikova, Zuzana; Machácová, E; Vondrová, Diana; Janekova, Etela; Hirošová, Katarína; Filova, Alexandra; Weitzman, Michael; Argalášová, Ľubica

doi:10.3390/ijerph15071374

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In partial contrast with the results related to nationality, we found a significant influence of the educational level on the smoking dependence: lower maternal or paternal educational level were significant predictors of ETS exposure. This is in line with the results of previous studies performed in Italy [18] and in other countries [33,34,35,36], and it highlights the needs for specific smoking cessation interventions performed on smokers with a low educational level. These results were also confirmed by multivariate analyses, revealing that the lower education of the father or mother significantly increased the risk of children being exposed to ETS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Further Insights on Predictors of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during the Pediatric Age

Protano

Cammalleri

Antonucci

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: The smoking ban in public places has reduced Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure for non-smokers, but despite this, domestic environments still remain places at high risk of exposure, and, today, about 40% of children worldwide are exposed to ETS at home. The aims of the study are to investigate the contribution of several factors on ETS exposure among a group of Italian children and to evaluate the changes in smoking precautions adopted at home when the smoker is the mother, the father, or both parents, respectively. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of 519 Italian schoolchildren. Information was collected via a questionnaire. Results: 41.4% of the participants lived with at least one smoker. Almost half of the children exposed to ETS lived with one or more smokers who do not observe any home smoking ban. Lower maternal or paternal educational levels significantly increase the risk of ETS exposure at home and the “worst case” is represented by both parents who smoke. Conclusions: More effective preventive interventions are needed to protect children from ETS exposure. Some interventions should be specifically dedicated to smokers with a low educational level and to mothers that smoke.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Further Insights on Predictors of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during the Pediatric Age

Protano

Cammalleri

Antonucci

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…The TSE group was at increased odds of having infectious diagnostic tests, laboratory tests, and radiologic tests obtained. These findings align with prior studies that indicate a relationship between TSE and respiratory-related outcomes including wheeze symptoms, decreased lung function ( 18 , 27 ), and an overall higher frequency of respiratory-related diseases ( 28 , 29 ). The present study’s findings underscore the need to adhere to the American Academy of Pediatrics’ recommendations for PED/UC healthcare professionals to universally screen for TSE in children, and provide cessation counseling to parental smokers to help them quit ( 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Child tobacco smoke exposure and healthcare resource utilization patterns

et al. 2020

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Background: The objective was to examine the relationship between healthcare resource utilization patterns in tobacco smoke-exposed children (TSE group) compared with unexposed children (non-TSE group). Methods: We matched 380 children in the TSE group with 1,140 children in the non-TSE group based on child age, sex, race, and ethnicity using propensity scores. Healthcare resource utilization variables included respiratory-related procedures, diagnostic testing, disposition, and medications. Logistic and linear regression models were built. Results: Child mean age was 4.9 (SD=0.1) years, 50.5% were female, 55.5% black, and 73.2% had public insurance/self-pay. Compared to the non-TSE group, the TSE group was at increased odds to have the following performed/obtained: nasal bulb suctioning, infectious diagnostic tests, laboratory tests, and radiologic tests. The TSE group was more likely to be admitted to the hospital, and more likely to receive steroids and intravenous fluids during their visit. Among asthmatics, the TSE group was more likely to receive steroids, albuterol, or ipratropium alone, or a combination of all three medications during their visit, and be prescribed albuterol alone or steroids and albuterol. Conclusion: Tobacco smoke-exposed children are more likely to have higher resource utilization patterns, highlighting the importance of screening and providing TSE prevention and remediation interventions.

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“…These results are in line with previous studies showed that low educational level of 1 or both parents were associated with ETS exposure in children 20,31,32 and infants from low-income or low-socioeconomic status families were most likely to be exposed to ETS. [31][32][33] Until now, there has no been a cutoff value for distinguishing between the exposed and unexposed ETS in infants. Other studies demonstrated hair nicotine values in infants but not included cutoff point.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Questionnaire-Based Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Hair Nicotine Levels in 6-month-old Infants: A Validation Study in Indonesia

Nadhiroh

Djokosujono

Utari

et al. 2020

Global Pediatric Health

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Objectives. Using hair nicotine as the gold standard, this study aimed to establish cutoff points and validate the questionnaire-based environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and ETS statuses of Indonesian infants. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among families who were participants of the Peer Health Cohort Study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Households with 6-month-old infants joined this study. The presence and amount of ETS exposure were assessed by both questionnaire and hair sampling for nicotine determination. Head hair samples were collected from 102 infants and measured by optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Infants were grouped as ETS-exposed if they lived with at least 1 smoker at home. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the sensitivity and specificity of cutoff values of hair nicotine. Results. There were 78 (76.5%) infants exposed to ETS based on the questionnaire. The nicotine concentrations in hair were significantly higher in infants with ETS exposure than in those without ETS exposure ( P < .001). The area under the curve for nicotine was 0.774. A hair nicotine cutoff value of 2.37 ng/mg, with a sensitivity of 67.95% and specificity of 83.33%, was identified as the optimal cutoff value for separating exposed from non-exposed to ETS in infants. Conclusion. The hair nicotine value of infants aged 6 months is useful in confirming the questionnaire on smoking in the household and exposure to ETS. Moreover, it also could be used to distinguish ETS-exposed from non-ETS-exposed infants.

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Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Relation to Behavioral, Emotional, Social and Health Indicators of Slovak School Children

Cited by 10 publications

References 57 publications

Further Insights on Predictors of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during the Pediatric Age

Further Insights on Predictors of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure during the Pediatric Age

Child tobacco smoke exposure and healthcare resource utilization patterns

Questionnaire-Based Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Hair Nicotine Levels in 6-month-old Infants: A Validation Study in Indonesia

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