Exposure to ethylene glycol ethers and spermatogenic disorders in man: a case-control study.

Veulemans, Hendrik; Steeno, Omer; Masschelein, Raphaël; Groeseneken, D

doi:10.1136/oem.50.1.71

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Studies in laboratory animals have demonstrated damage by 2-ME and 2-EE to male fertility and to the physical and aesthetic structure of offspring 24,25) . Cherry et al 26) found a significant association between intensity of exposure to solvents and clinical findings of less than 12 × 10 6 motile sperm (Odds ratios (ORs) were 2.07 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.24 to 3.44) for moderate exposure and 3.83 (95% CI 1.37 to 10.65) for high exposure to solvents).…”

Section: Industrial Chemicals (Solvents)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Occupational Exposures on Male Fertility: Literature Review

et al. 2003

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The present review was aimed to determine the influence of working conditions, occupational exposures to potential chemical and physical reproductive toxic agents and psychological stress during work on male fertility. Significant associations were reported between impaired semen parameters and the following chemical exposures: metals (lead, mercury), pesticides (dibromochlorophane, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), ethylene glycol ethers and estrogens. The following physical exposures were shown to deteriorate sperm parameters: radiation (both ionized and microwaves) and heat. Psychological distress has another important contribution to infertility. Several studies indicated that stress has a negative impact on sperm parameters. Occupational parameters should be an important part of history taking among patients attending infertility clinics.

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Section: Industrial Chemicals (Solvents)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Occupational Exposures on Male Fertility: Literature Review

et al. 2003

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“…However, despite extensive exposure to the solvent, investigations regarding its effect on humans are very limited. In males exposed occupationally to EGEE, reproductive effects and anemia have previously been reported [9][10][11] . However, little is known about its health effects among women.…”

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confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Exposure to Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether in Female Workers

et al. 2004

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Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) is a solvent commonly used in industry.To find the health effect of the solvent exposure in women, we did an investigation on 32 female workers exposed to EGEE in factories manufacturing photopolymer sensitization plate, and 20 subjects working in the same companies without potential exposure to the solvent. The mean age was 35.0 and 33.9 yr in the two groups, respectively. The mean concentration of the urinary metabolite (ethoxyacetic acid) was 120.87 mg/g creatinine (geometric mean) in the exposed group, and 2.71 mg/ g creatinine in the control group. Average RBC count and hemoglobin levels were normal in both groups. However, there were 2 subjects in the exposed group with an RBC count and hemoglobin concentration slightly lower than the standard. Out of 20 controls, 5 subjects reported irregular menstruation, and in comparison, 4 out of 32 exposed females had the same complaint. The most common health complaints were dizziness and swelling of the legs, with the same frequencies seen in both groups. Overall, our study suggests that although female workers were exposed to high concentrations of EGEE, subsequent health problems possibly due to such exposure were not significant.

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“…Since there are differences, however, between the toxicokinetics of EGME in rodents and in humans (Groeseneken et al, 1989) and different routes of exposure in our rodent studies and in women, it will be necessary to establish the pharmacokinetic data of EGME in women in order to accurately predict exposure risks. Previous studies have addressed experimental and occupational exposures in men to determine such parameters (Groeseneken et al, 1986a,b;Veulemans et al, 1993) which may be feasible to determine in women as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Methoxyacetic Acid in Cultured Human Luteal Cells

et al. 1997

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Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and its proximate metabolite, 2-methoxyacetic acid (MAA), increase ovarian luteal cell progesterone production in the female rat in vivo and in cultured rat luteal cells in vitro, respectively. In order to better assess the potential hazard of EGME and MAA to women, these studies were conducted to determine whether the same concentrations of MAA increase progesterone in human luteinized granulosa cells as in rat luteal cells. Human cells were collected from healthy anonymous oocyte donors, washed, plated 25,000 viable cells per well, and treated with 10 IU hCG and 0-5 mM MAA for 6-48 hr. Progesterone in media was significantly elevated after 24 hr incubation at 3=1 mM MAA. MAA had no effect on ATP levels at 6 or 24 hr. Thus, MAA increased progesterone production in cultured human luteal cells at the same concentration as MAA increased progesterone in rat luteal cells. The implication is that EGME has the potential to alter ovarian luteal function in women. These data should be useful for determining the real health hazards and potential risks of EGME exposure, e i»7 society of To Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) is a commonly used solvent that has been identified as a reproductive toxicant in humans and in animal models of human disease (reviewed in National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1983, 1991). Recently published epidemiological studies have associated ethylene glycol-based solvent exposure in women with increased risks of spontaneous abortion, menstrual cycle dysfunction, and subfertility (Pastides et al., 1988;Gold et al., 1995;Correa et al, 1996). Specifically, solvent-exposed women had a 4.6-fold increase in risk of infertility (95% confidence interval 1.6-13.3) and a 2.8-fold increase in risk of spontaneous abortion (95% confidence interval 1.4-5.6) (Correa et al., 1996). A dose-response relationship between estimated ethylene glycol exposure and each of these outcomes has also been found.Concurrent with the publication of these studies, we determined that the luteal cell is a target for EGME and its proximate toxic metabolite, 2-methoxyacetic acid (MAA), in the female rat (Davis et al., 1997). Specifically, in vivo dosing with EGME (300 mg/kg) elevated serum progesterone and suppressed cyclicity, inhibited ovulation, and increased corpora lutea size by inhibiting luteolysis. In vitro, 1-10 mM MAA elevated progesterone after 24 hr of treatment, but had no effect on cAMP at 1, 3, 24, or 48 hr or ATP levels at 24 hr. Based on these data, we concluded that EGME and MAA increase ovarian luteal cell progesterone production independent of LH-stimulated cAMP.The question remains as to how the reproductive toxicity of EGME and MAA in the rat relates to the potential reproductive toxicity of EGME and MAA in women. To begin to bridge the knowledge gap, this study was designed to determine whether MAA affects progesterone production in cultured human luteinized granulosa cells at concentrations similar to those in the rat and provide data to allow d...

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Exposure to ethylene glycol ethers and spermatogenic disorders in man: a case-control study.

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Occupational Exposures on Male Fertility: Literature Review

Effect of Occupational Exposures on Male Fertility: Literature Review

Health Effects of Exposure to Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether in Female Workers

Toxicity of Methoxyacetic Acid in Cultured Human Luteal Cells

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