Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields Induces Fos-Related Antigen-Immunoreactivity Via Activation of Dopaminergic D1 Receptor

Abstract

We previously demonstrated that repeated exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) increases locomotor activity via stimulation of dopaminergic D1 receptor (J. Pharmacol. Sci., 2007;105:367-371). Since it has been demonstrated that activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors, especially 35-kDa fos-related antigen (FRA), play a key role in the neuronal and behavioral adaptation in response to various stimuli, we examined whether repeated ELF-MF exposure induces FRA-immunoreactivity (FRA-IR) in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (striatal complex) of the mice. Repeated exposure to ELF-MF (0.3 or 2.4 mT, 1 h/day, for consecutive fourteen days) significantly induced hyperlocomotor activity and FRA-IR in the striatal complex in a field intensity-dependent manner. ELF-MF-induced FRA-IR lasted for at least 1 year, while locomotor activity returned near control level 3 months after the final exposure to ELF-MF. Pretreatment with SCH23390, a dopaminergic D1 receptor antagonist, but not with sulpiride, a dopaminergic D2 receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated hyperlocomotor activity and FRA-IR induced by ELF-MF. Our results suggest that repeated exposure to ELF-MF leads to prolonged locomotor stimulation and long-term expression of FRA in the striatal complex of the mice via stimulation of dopaminergic D1 receptor.

Online LI-rTMS during a Visual Learning Task: Differential Impacts on Visual Circuit and Behavioral Plasticity in Adult Ephrin-A2A5–/–Mice

“…The possible low baseline dopamine in ephrin-A2A5 –/– mice suggests a mechanism for behavior rescue by LI-rTMS, because dopamine levels increased after various brain stimulation protocols in human and animal models (ELF-MF, Lee et al, 2001 , Sieroń et al, 2004 , Shin et al, 2007 , 2011 ); rTMS, Strafella et al, 2003 , Ohnishi et al, 2004 ). Acute delivery of rTMS has been shown to increase dopamine levels ( Keck et al, 2002 ; Kanno et al, 2004 ), with an associated increase in expression of c-Fos + immunostained cells in the dorsolateral striatum ( Cacace et al, 2017 ).…”

Ecological study on the penetration of induction heating cookers and birth outcomes in Japan

“…Some studies suggest that low intensity magnetic fields may provide novel therapeutic benefits, possibly by increasing neurogenesis and so deliver protection against neurodegenerative disease and by restoring function following injury to nervous tissues. Shin et al (2011) reported that repeated exposure of C57BL/6 mice to 60 Hz magnetic fields at 0.3 or 2.4 mT 1 h/day for 14 days resulted in intensity-dependent increases in locomotory activity as measured using an automatic video tracking system. This hyperactivity was largest immediately after the last exposure and diminished with time thereafter it remained significantly elevated 1 day after exposure using 0.3 mT, and 1 week after exposure using 2.4 mT; activity was not elevated at 3 months after either exposure.…”

EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses

“…This early insight has been corroborated by recent studies on various transmitter receptors in the brain such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, dopamine and serotonin receptors (e.g. [148][149][150][151]. Some of these more recent studies also reported frequency window effects as well as intensity window effects on the neurodevelopment in the rat (152).…”

“…These include: changes in locomotor activity (e.g. 148,149,155,156), anxiety (e.g. 157-159) and depression-like behavior (160,161).…”