Exposure to microcystin-LR in tropical reservoirs for water supply poses high risks for children and adults

Malta, Janaína Fagundes; Nardocci, Adelaide Cássia; Razzolini, María Tereza Pepe; Diniz, Vinicíus; Cunha, Daví Gasparini Fernandes

doi:10.1007/s10661-022-09875-z

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The risk and expected number of days for which infants, children, and adults would be exposed to dissolved MCs concentrated in drinking water at above the thresholds established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Pollution Agency (USEPA) were computed in the form of hazard quotients (HQs). The HQs indicated that through the drinking water, individuals of all ages at one of the two water treatment facilities were at a higher risk of exposure to dissolved MCs at above the established threshold values [55]. This study indicates that infants who consume more water than adults or older children are particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of MCs [56].…”

Section: Increase In Cyanotoxin Exposure: Microcystinmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Microcystins exist in various congeners [54]. There are several reports that indicate the presence of MCs and MC-LR in drinking water reservoirs and water treatment plants from different parts of the world [55][56][57]. A study was conducted at two drinking water treatment plants in Brazil with contrasting water treatment technologies for the removal of MCs.…”

Section: Increase In Cyanotoxin Exposure: Microcystinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin and Increased Vibrio Occurrence as Climate-Change-Induced Biological Co-Stressors: Exposure and Disease Outcomes via Their Interaction with Gut–Liver–Brain Axis

Chatterjee

2023

Toxins

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The effects of global warming are not limited to rising global temperatures and have set in motion a complex chain of events contributing to climate change. A consequence of global warming and the resultant climate change is the rise in cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyano-HABs) across the world, which pose a threat to public health, aquatic biodiversity, and the livelihood of communities that depend on these water systems, such as farmers and fishers. An increase in cyano-HABs and their intensity is associated with an increase in the leakage of cyanotoxins. Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins produced by some cyanobacterial species, and their organ toxicology has been extensively studied. Recent mouse studies suggest that MCs can induce gut resistome changes. Opportunistic pathogens such as Vibrios are abundantly found in the same habitat as phytoplankton, such as cyanobacteria. Further, MCs can complicate human disorders such as heat stress, cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Firstly, this review describes how climate change mediates the rise in cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in freshwater, causing increased levels of MCs. In the later sections, we aim to untangle the ways in which MCs can impact various public health concerns, either solely or in combination with other factors resulting from climate change. In conclusion, this review helps researchers understand the multiple challenges brought forth by a changing climate and the complex relationships between microcystin, Vibrios, and various environmental factors and their effect on human health and disease.

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Section: Increase In Cyanotoxin Exposure: Microcystinmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Increase In Cyanotoxin Exposure: Microcystinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin and Increased Vibrio Occurrence as Climate-Change-Induced Biological Co-Stressors: Exposure and Disease Outcomes via Their Interaction with Gut–Liver–Brain Axis

Chatterjee

2023

Toxins

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“…Recently, one of the most studied cyanotoxins are cytotoxic alkaloid cylindrospemopsin (CYN) (Figure 1A), hepatotoxic oligopeptide microcystine-LR (MC-LR) (Figure 1B), and neurotoxic alkaloid anatoxin-a (ATX-a) (Figure 1C). e impact of cyanotoxins on living cells is broad and affects many processes in various organs (Adamski et al, 2014;Campos et al, 2021;Corbel et al, 2014;de La Cruz et al, 2013;Jaiswal et al, 2008;Malta et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first report of the production of anatoxin-a by Bolivian terrestrial cyanobacteria

Adamski,

Flakus,

Kaminski

et al. 2024

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are observed in many regions worldwide with increasing frequency. The massive development of cyanobacteria is a severe problem for the water environment due to negative changes in water parameters, the introduction of toxic metabolites (cyanotoxins) into the water, and the resulting disruption of ecological relations in the ecosystem. Knowledge regarding CyanoHABs in aquatic reservoirs is increasing. However, information about cyanobacteria development in other, untypical habitats like deserts, open soils, or polar regions is still insufficient. Similarly, data regarding the distribution of cyanotoxins are extensive for some regions (for example, in Europe or North America), whereas, in other localities, such as those in South America, the data are scarce. In this paper, we investigated if phototrophic microbial communities collected from open soil (La Paz department, Sud Yungas province, Bolivia) contained cyanobacteria described as cyanotoxin producers. We performed qualitative and quantitative analysis of typical cyanotoxins found in aquatic reservoirs – anatoxin-a (ATX-a), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), and microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The obtained results showed a relatively high biodiversity of the studied microbial phototrophic community, which consists of several cyanobacterial and algal genera. Analyses of cyanotoxins showed that CYN and MC-LR were not present in the studied samples. However, despite the lack of cyanobacteria described as ATX-a producers, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms were revealed, and mass spectrometry (MS) spectra confirmed the presence of the toxin in the studied material. The results presented in this paper are, to the best of our knowledge, the first confirmation of the presence of ATX-a in open soil habitats, as well as the first record of cyanotoxin occurrence in Bolivia. The identification of anatoxin-producing cyanobacteria in open soil environments presents a novel finding that necessitates further work to elucidate their prevalence, abundance, and associated potential hazards, as well as the taxonomic classification of the specific cyanobacterial species able for anatoxin synthesis within these soil habitats. Future studies should focus on the distribution of cyanotoxins in cyanobacterial communities in untypical habitats and in localities for which, to date, the information on cyanotoxin occurrence is not currently available.

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“…Nutrient pollution and arti cial eutrophication are pressing problems worldwide 7 directly and indirectly affecting the way that people interact with and receive bene ts from freshwater ecosystems 8 . Eutrophication from excessive N and P is a concern in rivers and streams [9][10][11] , as it can spur toxic cyanobacterial blooms downstream and poison water supplies 12 creating damage to human and animal health 13 , the economy 2 , and biodiversity 14 . Toxic algal blooms in freshwaters and near coastal areas are becoming more common, and it is expected that they will be exacerbated by global warming 15,16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South American countries are representative of many developing tropical and subtropical nations with rapidly growing populations and economies coupled with mounting water quality problems. Many major cities (e.g., Salvador, São Paulo) have had their drinking water supplies compromised by potentially toxic algal blooms 13,37 . The large spatial extent of Brazil includes different biomes with contrasting climate and vegetation characteristics, including tropical rainforests, savannahs, dry forests, grasslands, and xeric scrublands, allowing assessment of spatial variation of large-scale drivers of water nutrient concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining nutrient ecoregions for reference nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in rivers from the major South American biomes

Tromboni,

Dodds,

Cunha

et al. 2024

Science of The Total Environment

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Exposure to microcystin-LR in tropical reservoirs for water supply poses high risks for children and adults

Cited by 12 publications

References 89 publications

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin and Increased Vibrio Occurrence as Climate-Change-Induced Biological Co-Stressors: Exposure and Disease Outcomes via Their Interaction with Gut–Liver–Brain Axis

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin and Increased Vibrio Occurrence as Climate-Change-Induced Biological Co-Stressors: Exposure and Disease Outcomes via Their Interaction with Gut–Liver–Brain Axis

The first report of the production of anatoxin-a by Bolivian terrestrial cyanobacteria

Defining nutrient ecoregions for reference nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in rivers from the major South American biomes

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