Exposure to mobile telecommunication networks assessed using personal dosimetry and well-being in children and adolescents: the German MobilEe-study

Thomas, Silke; Kühnlein, Anja; Heinrich, Sabine; Praml, Georg; Kries, Rüdiger von; Radon, Katja

doi:10.1186/1476-069x-7-54

Cited by 69 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…There have been several reports that non-thermal levels of RF radiation can increase apoptosis in response to ionizing ultra-violet or gamma radiation [42,43]. Studies investigating whether such synergism extends to exposure to multiple radio frequencies have been few, and their results, like ours, negative, whether epidemiological [2,3] or experimental [4][5][6][7]. In the present case, the absence of significant effects may have been due in part to the low specific absorption rates employed (< 0.3 W/kg except in the pituitary glands of group 3) and the use of just a single exposure period rather than repeated exposures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…The few studies there have been in this area have not clearly identified potential health risks related to multiple RF exposure: no relationship has been established between multifrequency exposure and cellular alterations in embryos during gestation [2], alteration of testicular function [3], toxic or carcinogenic effects [4,5], or chronic symptoms such as headaches or sleep alterations in adults [6] and children [7]. Nevertheless, the paucity of information on the possible bio-effects of multiple RF signals contrasts with the concern of the general public and of various governmental entities [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Experimental Multi-Frequency System for Studying Dosimetry and Acute Effects on Cell and Nuclear Morphology in Rat Tissues

López-Furelos¹,

Miñana-Maiques²,

Leiro³

et al. 2012

PIER

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Abstract-Simultaneous exposure to multiple electromagnetic signals with widely differing carrier frequencies is a reality of daily life, but its possible effects on health are unknown. In this study, we exposed rats to non-thermal levels of 900 and 2450 MHz TEM-mode radiation, applied individually or simultaneously, and we obtained estimates of 1 g mean SAR (specific absorption rate) in various tissues using a numerical model of the rat and finite-difference timedomain software. The experimental system comprised a GTEM (gigahertz TEM) chamber connected to two vector signal generators, a signal mixer and amplifier, a directional coupler, a spectrum analyzer and a power meter. Tissue sections from rats sacrificed 24 h after exposure, and from negative controls and positive controls exposed to gamma radiation, were stained with haematoxylin-eosin for evaluation of general cell morphology and with DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) for evaluation of apoptosis. Lesions, tissue destruction and apoptosis were only observed in positive controls. The results for rats exposed to either frequency, or to both simultaneously, were similar to those of unexposed negative controls. It remains to determine whether chronic exposure is similarly innocuous.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Multi-Frequency System for Studying Dosimetry and Acute Effects on Cell and Nuclear Morphology in Rat Tissues

López-Furelos¹,

Miñana-Maiques²,

Leiro³

et al. 2012

PIER

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show abstract

“…We have compared results obtained from our measurement campaign with those reported by similar studies [23,25,26].…”

Section: Comparison With Similar Measurement Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Therefore to derive more reliable EMF mean values per technology and environment the obtained measurement samples need post-processing. The postprocessing of the obtained results in the present study are based on the method described in [23]. To classify the exposure, all measurement values below the detection limit were replaced by half of the limit values before analysis (e.g., all detection values of 0.05 V/m were replaced with the value 0.025 V/m).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While exploring the possible association between exposure to mobile telecommunication networks and well-being in children and adolescents using personal dosimetry, the study [23] reported that the median exposure to RF-EMF of children and adolescents was 0.18% and 0.19% of the ICNIRP reference level respectively, but variation in exposure are possible if the measurement location is close to a mobile phone base station.…”

Section: Comparison With Similar Measurement Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Age-Dependence of Personal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of Wireless Communications in Indoor Environments

Hamiti¹,

Ibrani

Ahma³

et al. 2016

PIER M

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Abstract-The ever-growing usage of new information and communication technology devices by different age groups is followed with public concerns of exposure induced biological effects. The aim of this paper is to assess and compare personal exposure levels to electromagnetic fields of wireless communications for different age groups, including children, under the same exposure conditions. Assessment of personal exposure of the following age groups: 08-15, 16-20, 21-35 and 36-60 years old is conducted with sophisticated tri-axial E-field frequency selective personal exposure meters, enabling measurements of electric field strength in 14 pre-defined frequency bands in the range of 80 MHz-6 GHz. Participants are selected to be with similar social conditions and occupation, including children, students and administrative employees. The measurements were conducted in typical residential environments collecting 161 280 measurement samples. The mean value of power density of different wireless technologies is presented for each age-group, including the contribute of specific wireless technology to the total personal exposure. The highest personal exposure values per frequency band for all age groups are in GSM and Wi-Fi 2G. The results show a difference in mean power density levels between different age groups for the same exposure environment. Ultimately, all measured values were far below international safety guidelines and exposure limits.

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Personal exposure to mobile communication networks and well‐being in children—A statistical analysis based on a functional approach

Kühnlein¹,

Heumann²,

Thomas³

et al. 2009

Bioelectromagnetics

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The MobilEe-study was the first cross-sectional population-based study to investigate possible health effects of mobile communication networks on children using personal dosimetry. Exposure was assessed every second resulting in 86,400 measurements over 24 h for each participant. Therefore, a functional approach to analyze the exposure data was considered appropriate. The aim was to categorize exposure taking into account the course of the measurements over 24 h. The analyses were based on the 480 maxima of each 3 min time interval. Exposure was classified using a nonparametric functional method. Heterogeneity of a sample of functional data was assessed by comparing the functional mode and mean of the distribution of a functional variable. The partition was built within a descending hierarchical method. The resulting exposure groups were compared with categories derived from a standard method, which used the average exposure over 24 h and set the cut-off at the 90th percentile. The functional classification resulted in a splitting of the exposure data into two groups. Plots of the mean curves showed that the groups could be interpreted as children with "low exposure" (88%) and "higher exposure" (12%). These groups were comparable with categories of the standard method. No association between the categorized exposure and well-being was observed in logistic regression models. The functional classification approach yielded a plausible partition of the exposure data. The comparability with the standard approach might be due to the data structure and should not be generalized to other exposures.

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Exposure to mobile telecommunication networks assessed using personal dosimetry and well-being in children and adolescents: the German MobilEe-study

Cited by 69 publications

References 36 publications

An Experimental Multi-Frequency System for Studying Dosimetry and Acute Effects on Cell and Nuclear Morphology in Rat Tissues

An Experimental Multi-Frequency System for Studying Dosimetry and Acute Effects on Cell and Nuclear Morphology in Rat Tissues

The Age-Dependence of Personal Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of Wireless Communications in Indoor Environments

Personal exposure to mobile communication networks and well‐being in children—A statistical analysis based on a functional approach

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