Exposure to Novel Parainfluenza Virus and Clinical Relevance in 2 Bottlenose Dolphin (<i>Tursiops truncatus</i>) Populations

Venn‐Watson, Stephanie; Rivera, Rebecca; Smith, Cynthia R.; Saliki, Jeremiah T.; Caseltine, Shannon L.; Leger, Judy St.; Yochem, Pam; Wells, Randall S.; Nollens, Hendrik H.

doi:10.3201/eid1403.071250

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…9 Given that managed death and was considered a possibile contributing factor. 72 An enterovirus was cultured from a tongue lesion of an ex situ bottlenose dolphin with hematologic signs of inflammation. 72 An enterovirus was cultured from a tongue lesion of an ex situ bottlenose dolphin with hematologic signs of inflammation.…”

Section: Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises)

Dold¹

2015

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8

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Section: Parasitic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises)

Dold¹

2015

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8

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“…Specifically, pneumonia was observed in 28 % of the children positive for PIV-3 [3]. A study which monitored the PIV seroconversion in T. truncatus indicated that 3 out of 4 of the animals that died within 30 days of seroconversion had a fungal or bacterial coinfection in their lungs [7]. Polymicrobial infections are common across species, especially the association of PIV with other bacterial or fungal microbes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Similar clinical symptoms are observed during PIV-3 infection in different species. An early clinical sign of BRDC in cattle is loss of appetite, which was a commonly reported behavioral abnormality (54 %) in dolphins with antibodies to PIV [5,7]. The bottlenose dolphin in which TtPIV-1 was isolated from exhibited raspy breaths and cream-colored exudate from the blowhole [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Atlantic bottlenose dolphin parainfluenza virus TtPIV-1 clusters with bovine PIV-3 genotype B strains

et al. 2015

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Parainfluenza virus 3 (PIV-3) is a common viral infection not only in humans, but also in many other species. Serological evidence suggests that nearly 100 % of children in the United States have been infected with PIV-3 by 5 years of age. Similarly, in cattle, PIV-3 is commonly associated with bovine respiratory disease complex. A novel dolphin PIV-3 (TtPIV-1) was described by Nollens et al. in 2008 from a dolphin that was diagnosed with an unknown respiratory illness. At that time, TtPIV-1 was found to be most similar to, but distinct from, bovine PIV-3 (BPIV-3). In the present study, similar viral growth kinetics and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL8) production were seen between BPIV-3 and TtPIV-1 in BEAS-2B, MDBK, and Vero cell lines. Initial nomenclature of TtPIV-1 was based on partial sequence of the fusion and RNA polymerase genes. Based on the similarities we saw with the in vitro work, it was important to examine the TtPIV-1 genome in more detail. Full genome sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed that all six viral genes of TtPIV-1 clustered within the recently described BPIV-3 genotype B strains, and it is proposed that TtPIV-1 be re-classified with BPIV-3 genotype B strains.

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“…It is difficult to obtain unequivocally negative serum samples from wildlife species (Nollens et al, 2006; Venn-Watson et al, 2008). In the absence of sufficient unequivocal control sera we were unable to determine a positive:negative cut-off value for the assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New recognition of Enterovirus infections in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

Nollens

Rivera

Palacios

et al. 2009

Veterinary Microbiology

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An enterovirus was cultured from an erosive tongue lesion of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The morphology of virions on negative staining electron microscopy was consistent with those of enteroviruses. Analysis of 2613 bp of the polyprotein gene identified the isolate as a novel enterovirus strain, tentatively named bottlenose dolphin enterovirus (BDEV), that nests within the species Bovine enterovirus. Serologic evidence of exposure to enteroviruses was common in both free ranging and managed collection dolphins. Managed collection dolphins were more likely to have high antibody levels, although the highest levels were reported in free ranging populations. Associations between enterovirus antibody levels, and age, sex, complete blood counts, and clinical serum biochemistries were explored. Dolphins with higher antibody levels were more likely to be hyperproteinemic and hyperglobulinemic.

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Exposure to Novel Parainfluenza Virus and Clinical Relevance in 2 Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Populations

Abstract: Evidence of PIV exposure was detected in free-ranging and managed dolphin populations living along 2 US coastlines.

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises)

Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises)

Novel Atlantic bottlenose dolphin parainfluenza virus TtPIV-1 clusters with bovine PIV-3 genotype B strains

New recognition of Enterovirus infections in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)

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