Exposure to Online Alcohol Marketing and Adolescents’ Drinking: A Cross-sectional Study in Four European Countries

Bruijn, Avalon de; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.; Anderson, Peter; Bujalski, Michał; Gosselt, Jordi Franciscus; Schreckenberg, Dirk; Wohtge, Jördis; Leeuw, Rebecca de

doi:10.1093/alcalc/agw020

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…In total, 57% ( n = 20) of the studies originated in the USA (Workman, 2003; Stacy et al ., 2004; Zogg, 2004; Ellickson et al ., 2005; McClure et al ., 2006; Saffer and Dave, 2006; Collins et al ., 2007; Fisher et al ., 2007; Paschall et al ., 2007; Dumsha, 2008; Grenard, 2008; Henriksen et al ., 2008; Truong, 2008; McClure et al ., 2009; Pasch et al ., 2009; Tobler, 2009; Tobler et al ., 2009; Truong and Sturm, 2009; Chen et al ., 2010; Dumsha, 2011; Reboussin et al ., 2011; Shamblen et al ., 2011; Stanley et al ., 2011; Tobler et al ., 2011; Stoolmiller et al ., 2012; Grenard et al ., 2013; Lo et al ., 2013a, b; McClure et al ., 2013; Rowland et al ., 2014), 6% ( n = 2) from the UK (Gordon et al ., 2010a, b; Gordon, 2011; Young et al ., 2013), 9% ( n = 3) from Australia (Jones and Magee, 2011; Rowland et al ., 2014; Azar et al ., 2016), 6% ( n = 2) from New Zealand (Huckle et al ., 2008; Lin et al ., 2012) and one study from Denmark (Bendtsen et al ., 2013), Brazil (Faria et al ., 2011), Switzerland (Kuntsche et al ., 2008), Zambia (Swahn et al ., 2011), the Philippines (Swahn et al ., 2013) and the Netherlands (van Hoof et al ., 2008). Two further studies (6%) spanned several European countries, with data collected in Germany, Italy, Scotland, the Netherlands and Poland (de Bruijn et al ., 2012; Anderson et al ., 2012; Morgenstern et al ., 2014; de Bruijn et al ., 2016a, b). The majority of studies focused exclusively on alcohol promotion ( n = 14, 40%) or its placement in retail outlets ( n = 13, 37%), with a much smaller number examining price ( n = 1) or the development, launch or branding of alcohol products ( n = 1) only.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Industry-Driven Alcohol Marketing Influence Adolescent Drinking Behaviour? A Systematic Review

Scott

Muirhead

Shucksmith

et al. 2016

Alcohol and Alcoholism

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AimTo systematically review evidence on the influence of specific marketing components (Price, Promotion, Product attributes and Place of sale/availability) on key drinking outcomes (initiation, continuation, frequency and intensity) in young people aged 9–17.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, PsychINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest were searched from inception to July 2015, supplemented with searches of Google Scholar, hand searches of key journals and backward and forward citation searches of reference lists of identified papers.ResultsForty-eight papers covering 35 unique studies met inclusion criteria. Authors tended to report that greater exposure to alcohol marketing impacted on drinking initiation, continuation, frequency and intensity during adolescence. Nevertheless, 23 (66%) studies reported null results or negative associations, often in combination with positive associations, resulting in mixed findings within and across studies. Heterogeneity in study design, content and outcomes prevented estimation of effect sizes or exploration of variation between countries or age subgroups. The strength of the evidence base differed according to type of marketing exposure and drinking outcome studied, with support for an association between alcohol promotion (mainly advertising) and drinking outcomes in adolescence, whilst only two studies examined the relationship between alcohol price and the drinking behaviour of those under the age of 18.ConclusionDespite the volume of work, evidence is inconclusive in all four areas of marketing but strongest for promotional activity. Future research with standardized measures is needed to build on this work and better inform interventions and policy responses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Industry-Driven Alcohol Marketing Influence Adolescent Drinking Behaviour? A Systematic Review

Scott

Muirhead

Shucksmith

et al. 2016

Alcohol and Alcoholism

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“…As such, the alcohol industry went from spending $2 billion on social media in 2008 to $3.5 billion in 2013, which reflects changes in the way young people view and access information [53]. Recently, the European Centre for Alcohol Marketing (EUCAM) estimated that online advertising resulting from a recent deal between Google and Heineken has the ability to reach 103 million minors monthly [54]. Thus, examining whether these shifts equate to actual changes in drinking behaviors is important.…”

Section: Traditional and Digital Exposure Venuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Myriad Influences of Alcohol Advertising on Adolescent Drinking

et al. 2017

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Purpose of Review This review investigates effects of alcohol advertising on adolescent drinking. Prior reviews focused on behavioral outcomes and long-term effects. In contrast, the present review focuses on subgroups with greater exposure to alcohol advertising, research methods to study alcohol advertising, potential mechanisms underlying relationships between adolescent exposure to alcohol advertising and increased drinking and points to prevention/intervention strategies that may reduce effects of alcohol advertising. Recent Findings Alcohol advertising influences current and future drinking. Further, evidence suggests adolescents may be targeted specifically. Alcohol advertisements may influence behavior by shifting alcohol expectancies, norms regarding alcohol use, and positive attitudes. Media literacy programs may be an effective intervention strategy. Summary Adolescents are exposed to large quantities of alcohol advertisements, which violates guidelines set by the alcohol industry. However, media literacy programs may be a promising strategy for adolescents to increase critical thinking and create more realistic expectations regarding alcohol.

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“…Regarding the association between the latent growth classes and the distal outcome, the high stable class exhibited the highest probability of drinking alcohol at grade eight, followed by the high quadratic class, then the moderate stable class, and lastly, the low stable class. These results are in line with social cognitive theory's assertion that continuous online exposure to alcohol‐related stimuli, cues, and reinforcement (e.g., alcohol marketer‐generated content, alcohol‐related content displayed by peers, peer alcohol associations) predisposes adolescents to pro‐alcohol attitudes, beliefs, and norms and is likely to increase risk of underage drinking (Bandura, ; de Bruijn et al ., ; Gordon, ; Huang et al ., ; McClure et al ., ). In the light of the limited research on the effect of general Internet usage on underage drinking, the present findings show suggestive evidence that youth who spend more time on the Internet have greater chances of receiving pro‐drinking messages, of affiliating with alcohol‐promoting peers, and of developing positive attitudes towards alcohol, which in turn increase their likelihood of starting to drink (Chiao et al ., ; Gámez‐Guadix et al ., ; Huang et al ., ; Sun et al ., , ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors and the distal outcome of general Internet use: The identification of children's developmental trajectories

Park

2017

British J of Dev Psycho

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This study examined the predictors and distal outcome in relation to the frequency of online activities and investigated the presence of prototypical trajectories following different patterns of general Internet use over 5 years. The data set consisted of a nationally representative sample of 2,840 fourth graders (M = 9.86 years) in South Korea at baseline. Analyses revealed rank-order stability in general Internet use with four latent classes: high stable (5.8%), high quadratic (20.3%), moderate stable (32.7%), and low stable (41.2%). Youth with higher levels of perceived parental monitoring knowledge, friendship closeness, and depressed mood at baseline were more likely to belong to the high stable class, while girls were more likely to be in the high quadratic or moderate stable classes relative to the low stable class. The high stable class had the greatest odds of reporting alcohol use at grade eight, whereas the low stable class had the lowest odds. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Internet usage increases as children progress through to early adolescence and then levels off Longitudinal data have shown that adolescents' greater Internet use is predictive of their higher levels of drinking What does this study add? To explore different developmental pathways of Internet use in relation to its antecedents and distal outcome Early adolescents who spend more time on the Internet have a greater chance of starting to drink The interindividual rank-order stability of general Internet usage exists at least before late childhood.

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Exposure to Online Alcohol Marketing and Adolescents’ Drinking: A Cross-sectional Study in Four European Countries

Abstract: Youngsters in the four European countries report frequent exposure to online alcohol marketing. The association between this exposure and adolescents' drinking was robust and seems consistent across national contexts.

Cited by 31 publications

References 20 publications

Does Industry-Driven Alcohol Marketing Influence Adolescent Drinking Behaviour? A Systematic Review

Does Industry-Driven Alcohol Marketing Influence Adolescent Drinking Behaviour? A Systematic Review

The Myriad Influences of Alcohol Advertising on Adolescent Drinking

Predictors and the distal outcome of general Internet use: The identification of children's developmental trajectories

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