Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution and Cognitive Decline in Older Women

Weuve, Jennifer; Puett, Robin; Schwartz, Joel; Yanosky, Jeffrey; Laden, Francine; Grodstein, Francine

doi:10.1289/isee.2011.00543

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A few studies have elaborated associations between air pollution, mainly O 3 and PM, and cognitive decline. Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 has been also associated with significantly faster cognitive decline in older US women [34]. For German women aged 68-74 years, living within 50 m from a busy road (an indicator of traffic-related air pollution) was associated with worse scores on a neuropsychological test battery [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Newly Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Jung

Lin

Hwang

2015

JAD

309

211

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Several studies with animal research associate air pollution in Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology, but the actual impact of air pollution on the risk of AD is unknown. Here, this study investigates the association between long-term exposure to ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and newly diagnosed AD in Taiwan. We conducted a cohort study of 95,690 individuals' age ≥ 65 during 2001-2010. We obtained PM10 and O3 data from Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency during 2000-2010. Since PM2.5 data is only accessible entirely after 2006, we used the mean ratio between PM2.5 and PM10 during 2006-2010 (0.57) to estimate the PM2.5 concentrations from 2000 to 2005. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the associations between O3 and PM2.5 at baseline and changes of O3 and PM2.5 during the follow-up period and AD. The adjusted HR for AD was weakly associated with a raised concentration in O3 at baseline per increase of 9.63 ppb (adjusted HR 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.12). Further, we estimated a 211% risk of increase of AD per increase of 10.91 ppb in O3 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.92-3.33). We found a 138% risk of increase of AD per increase of 4.34 μg/m3 in PM2.5 over the follow-up period (95% CI 2.21-2.56). These findings suggest long-term exposure to O3 and PM2.5 above the current US EPA standards are associated with increased the risk of AD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Newly Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Jung

Lin

Hwang

2015

JAD

309

211

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“…Recently, there has been increased interest in the effects of air pollution on the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegeneration. Particle exposure has been associated with decreased cognitive function (Power et al 2011), accelerated cognitive decline (Weuve et al 2012), and Parkinson's disease (PD) hospitalizations (Zanobetti et al 2014). Toxicological studies have provided further evidence of an association between particulate air pollution and neurodegeneration, highlighting potential biological pathways such as systemic inflammation (Block et al 2007(Block et al , 2012, which has also been consistently linked with particle exposure (Madrigano et al 2010;Rückerl et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure and Neurological Hospital Admissions in the Northeastern United States

Kioumourtzoglou¹,

Wang²,

Dominici³

et al. 2014

ISEE Conference Abstracts

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Background: Long-term exposure to fine particles (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm; PM 2.5) has been consistently linked to heart and lung disease. Recently, there has been increased interest in examining the effects of air pollution on the nervous system, with evidence showing potentially harmful effects on neurodegeneration. oBjective: Our objective was to assess the potential impact of long-term PM 2.5 exposure on event time, defined as time to first admission for dementia, Alzheimer's (AD), or Parkinson's (PD) diseases in an elderly population across the northeastern United States. Methods: We estimated the effects of PM 2.5 on first hospital admission for dementia, AD, and PD among all Medicare enrollees ≥ 65 years in 50 northeastern U.S. cities (1999-2010). For each outcome, we first ran a Cox proportional hazards model for each city, adjusting for prior cardiopulmonary-related hospitalizations and year, and stratified by follow-up time, age, sex, and race. We then pooled the city-specific estimates by employing a random effects meta-regression. results: We followed approximately 9.8 million subjects and observed significant associations of long-term PM 2.5 city-wide exposure with all three outcomes. Specifically, we estimated a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.11) for dementia, an HR of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.19) for AD, and an HR of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.12) for PD admissions per 1-μg/m 3 increase in annual PM 2.5 concentrations. conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationship between longterm exposure to PM 2.5 and time to first hospitalization for common neurodegenerative diseases. We found strong evidence of association for all three outcomes. Our findings provide the basis for further studies, as the implications of such exposures could be crucial to public health.

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“…Air pollution particulates are risk factors for children having cognitive defects [46,47], for cognitive decline at all ages [48], for cognitive decline in older women [49], and Alzheimer's Dementia later in life [48].…”

Section: Spherical Magnetite Particulates Have Been Found In the Braimentioning

confidence: 99%

Unacknowledged Potential Factors in Catastrophic Bat Die-off Arising from Coal Fly Ash Geoengineering

Herndon¹,

Whiteside

2020

AJOB

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Bats have great economic and environmental importance, including nocturnal insect control, pollination, seed dispersal and forest regeneration. Bats, however, like insects and birds are suffering a precipitous global decline due to anthropogenic causes. Deliberate air pollution in the form of undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering (TAG) has extremely damaging effects throughout the biosphere. Forensic scientific evidence implicates coal fly ash (CFA), the toxic waste product of coal-burning, as the main constituent of the jet-sprayed particulate trails seen around the world. Coal fly ash is a primary source of the ultrafine and nano-sized particulate fraction of air pollution that adversely impacts human and environmental health. Recently, countless exogenous magnetic pollution particles from combustion sources were found in human brains and heart tissue. Previous studies reveal that aerosolized CFA is a significant factor in the catastrophic global decline of birds and insects. Insects can accumulate aerosolized CFA on their body surfaces and/or ingest CFA particulates that insectivorous bats then consume. Bats are excellent mammalian bioindicators of environmental contaminants and it is known that their tissue contains high levels of metals and persistent organic pollutants. From a review of the literature, we show that the pollutant element ratios in bat tissue and bat guano are consistent with an origin in CFA-type air pollution. These findings suggest that CFA, including its use in covert climate engineering operations, is an unacknowledged factor in the morbidity and mortality of bats. Bats, therefore, are an important "canary in the coal mine" pointing to the urgency of halting covert climate engineering and greatly reducing ultrafine particulate air pollution.

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Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution and Cognitive Decline in Older Women

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Newly Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Ozone, Particulate Matter, and Newly Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure and Neurological Hospital Admissions in the Northeastern United States

Unacknowledged Potential Factors in Catastrophic Bat Die-off Arising from Coal Fly Ash Geoengineering

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