Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid function in pregnant women and children: A systematic review of epidemiologic studies

Ballesteros, Virginia; Costa, Olga; Íñiguez, Carmen; Fletcher, Tony; Ballester, Ferrán; Lopez-Espinosa, Maria-José

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.015

Cited by 207 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Most experimental studies and to lesser extent human observational studies support hypothyroidism effects of PFASs exposure, e.g., decrease of thyroid hormones, or increase of TSH5). PFASs can inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormones.…”

Section: Proposed Mechanisms Of Thyroid Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure levels of PFASs among general populations tend to be low, and therefore, in the presence of other important TDCs that are not measured, the dose-response association can be significantly distorted often leading to wrong representation. Second, temporal comparability should be considered especially in cross-sectional or case-control studies5). Since most long-chain PFASs have long biological half-lives, one time measurement of the exposure may reflect relatively long period of exposure window.…”

Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After birth as well, these hormones are important in myelination of neurons. Therefore, even subclinical changes of thyroid hormones during these susceptible periods of life may lead to delays in neuropsychological development of children5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid hormones in humans: epidemiological observations and implications

Lee

Choi

2017

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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Thyroid hormones play crucial roles in normal neurodevelopment of fetus and child. Many chemicals can affect control and homeostasis of thyroid hormones, and eventually lead to various adverse health effects including neurodevelopmental disorders. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are among the thyroid disrupting chemicals that can be encountered among general human population. Due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, PFASs have been used as surfactants and surface coating materials in many applications. Therefore, PFASs have been frequently detected in humans and environment worldwide. In cross-sectional studies using nationally representative general human populations of United States, several PFASs have shown significant associations with thyroid hormones. Moreover, among pregnant women and their infants, not only major PFASs such as perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid, but also those with shorter or longer carbon chains showed significant associations with thyroid hormones. Often demographic characteristics such as sex, age, and disease status appear to influence the associations between PFASs exposure and thyroid hormones. In general, major PFASs showed hypothyroidism effects among pregnant women and infants. As 8 carbon based PFASs have been phased out, those with shorter or longer carbon chains have been used in growing amount as replacement. However, only limited information is available for their occurrences and toxicity among humans. Further investigations on these substituting PFASs are required. In addition, efforts are warranted to identify sources of and mitigate exposure to these thyroid disrupting chemicals especially during pregnancy and early stages of life.

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Section: Proposed Mechanisms Of Thyroid Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid hormones in humans: epidemiological observations and implications

Lee

Choi

2017

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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“…A systematic review of the available epidemiological studies has been recently published: studies focusing on the relationship between TSH, T3, T4 and different PFAS (in particular perfluorohexane sulfonate -PFHxS-, perfluorooctanoic acid -PFOA-, perfluorooctane sulfonate -PFOS-or perfluorononanoic acid -PFNA-) in pregnant women or young children were selected. Some interesting results have been highlighted such as a positive association between PFHxS, PFOS and TSH levels in maternal blood, as well as between PFNA and TSH in boys older than 11 years, but the heterogeneity of the studies included in the review needs to be accounted for [41].…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 41] Abbreviations: TT3: total triiodothyronine; T4: thyroxin; T3: triiodothyronine; TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone; FT4: free thyroxin; FT3: free triiodothyronine; TPOAb: anti thyroperoxidase antibodies; PFAS: perfluoroalkyl substances PFOS: perfluorooctanesulfonate; PFHxS: perfluorohexanesulfonate; PFDA: perfluorodecanoate; PFUnDA: perfluoroundecanoic acid.…”

Section: Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals

Calsolaro

Pasqualetti

Niccolai

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Endocrine disruptor compounds are exogenous agents able to interfere with a gland function, exerting their action across different functional passages, from the synthesis to the metabolism and binding to receptors of the hormone produced. Several issues such as different levels and time of exposure and different action across different ages as well as gender, make the study of endocrine disruptors still a challenge. Thyroid is very sensitive to the action of disruptors, and considering the importance of a correct thyroid function for physical and cognitive functioning, addressing this topic should be considered a priority. In this review we examined the most recent studies, many of them concentrating on maternal and child exposure, conducted to assess the impact of industrial chemicals which showed an impact on thyroid function. So far, the number of studies conducted on that topic is not sufficient to provide solid conclusions and lead to homogeneous guidelines. The lack of uniformity is certainly due to differences in areas and populations examined, the different conditions of exposures and the remarkable inter-subject variability. Nonetheless, the European Commission for Health and Food Safety is implementing recommendations to ensure that substances identified as endocrine disruptors will be withdrawn from the market.

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Association of Maternal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Early Pregnancy With Fetal Growth

et al. 2020

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Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been associated with birth size, but data on fetal growth and among racially/ethnically diverse pregnant women remain scarce.OBJECTIVES To assess the association between maternal plasma POPs in early pregnancy and fetal growth and by infant sex and maternal race/ethnicity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis cohort study used the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton cohort, which recruited nonobese, low-risk pregnant women before 14 weeks' gestation between July 1, 2009, and January 31, 2013, in 12 community-based clinics throughout the United States. Participants self-identified their race/ethnicity, self-reported their behavioral risk factors, and were followed up throughout their pregnancy. Data were analyzed from July 31, 2018, to June 3, 2019.EXPOSURES Levels of 76 POPs in early gestation plasma were measured: 11 perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, 1 polybrominated biphenyl, 9 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 44 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 11 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The bayesian kernel machine regression method was used to examine chemical class mixtures, and generalized additive mixed model was used to analyze individual chemicals. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESFourteen fetal biometrics were measured, including head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length, within 5 ultrasonography appointments.RESULTS A total of 2284 low-risk pregnant women were included: 606 women (26.5%) self-identified as white with a mean (SD) age of 30.3 (4.4) years, 589 (25.8%) as black with a mean (SD) age of 25.5 (5.5) years, 635 (27.8%) as Hispanic with a mean (SD) age of 27.1 (5.5) years, and 454 (19.9%) as Asian with a mean (SD) age of 30.5 (4.5) years. A comparison between the 75th and 25th percentile of exposure revealed that the OCP mixture was negatively associated with most fetal growth measures, with a reduction of 4.7 mm (95% CI, −6.7 to −2.8 mm) in head circumference, 3.5 mm (95% CI, −4.7 to −2.2 mm) in abdominal circumference, and 0.6 mm (95% CI, −1.1 to −0.2 mm) in femur length. Higher exposure to the PBDE mixture was associated with reduced abdominal circumference (-2.4 mm; 95% CI, −4.0 to −0.5 mm) and femur length (−0.5 mm; 95% CI, −1.0 to −0.1 mm), and the dioxin-like PCB mixture was associated with reduced head circumference (-6.4 mm; 95% CI, −8.4 to −4.3 mm) and abdominal circumference (-2.4 mm; 95% CI, −3.9 to −0.8 mm). Associations with individual chemicals were less consistent. There were some interactions by fetal sex, although most of the results did not vary by maternal race/ethnicity. For example, oxychlordane (-0.98 mm; 95% CI, -1.60 to -0.36 mm; P for interaction <.001), trans-nonachlor (-0.31 mm; 95% CI, -0.54 to -0.08 mm; P for interaction = .005), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (-0.19 mm; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.09 mm; P for interaction = .006) were associated with shorter femur length among boys only.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This s...

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Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid function in pregnant women and children: A systematic review of epidemiologic studies

Cited by 207 publications

References 68 publications

Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid hormones in humans: epidemiological observations and implications

Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and thyroid hormones in humans: epidemiological observations and implications

Thyroid Disrupting Chemicals

Association of Maternal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Early Pregnancy With Fetal Growth

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