Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and associations with serum thyroid hormones in a remote population of Alaska Natives

Byrne, Samuel; Miller, Pamela; Seguinot-Medina, Samarys; Waghiyi, Vi; Buck, C. Loren; Hippel, Frank von; Carpenter, David O.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.014

Cited by 38 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Human studies suggested that prenatal PFOA/PFOS exposure was significantly associated with testosterone/estradiol in male infants, progesterone levels, glucocorticoid levels, and DHEA levels in cord blood samples of both sexes [27, 40]. In addition, effects of PFAS exposure on thyroid hormone homeostasis may differ across sexes [41]. The hormonal effects of PFAS may differently affect the neurobehavioral development of males or females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal plasma concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neuropsychological development in children at four years of age

et al. 2019

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Objective Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent pollutants and have endocrine disruptive and neurotoxic effects. The association between maternal PFAS concentrations and neuropsychological development in children is inconclusive. The present study aimed to examine the effect of maternal PFAS concentrations on neuropsychological development in 4-years-old children. Methods We used data from Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort, which recruited pregnant women at 12–16 gestational weeks. Among 981 women having PFAS measurement, 533 mother-child pairs were included in the study. A total of eight PFASs were measured, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA). When infants turned 4 years old, mothers were asked to complete the Ages and Stages Questionnaires® (ASQ) to assess neuropsychological development of their children. Poisson regression model with robust variance estimates was used to examine the association between maternal PFAS concentrations and each developmental subscale of the ASQ. Results Prenatal plasma concentrations of most PFASs tended to be associated with increased risk of development problem in personal-social skills, including PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, and PDUdA, and the associations for PFNA and PFDA were significant (per natural log unit increase: RR PFNA = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.05; RR PFDA = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.17, 2.37). In stratified analyses by child’ sex, the consistent pattern of higher risk of developmental problems in personal-social skills associated with most PFASs was mainly observed among girls (RR PFOS = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.20, 5.45; RR PFOA = 9.00, 95% CI: 3.82, 21.21; RR PFNA = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.36, 7.13; RR PFDA = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.00; RR PFUdA = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.14, 5.20; RR PFDoA = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.54). Boys with higher maternal PFOA concentrations had a decreased risk of developmental problems in gross motor skills (RR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.89). Conclusion Prenatal plasma PFAS concentrations were associated with neuropsychological development in girls at 4 years of age, mainly in the subset of personal-social skills. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12940-019-0493-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal plasma concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neuropsychological development in children at four years of age

et al. 2019

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“…Many studies have tested the effect of PFASs on thyroid hormone homeostasis in healthy adults. The results were inconsistent and showed no effect [ 254 , 345 , 391 , 392 , 393 , 394 , 395 , 396 , 397 , 398 , 399 , 400 , 401 , 402 , 403 , 404 ], increase [ 254 , 401 , 405 , 406 ] or decrease [ 344 , 398 ] in TSH levels after exposure to PFASs. No effect [ 254 , 345 , 398 , 399 ], increase [ 254 , 392 , 395 , 396 , 397 , 402 , 404 , 406 ] or decrease [ 344 , 401 , 406 ] in T3 levels and no effect [ 254 , 393 , 395 , 396 , 397 , 399 , 404 , 406 ], increase [ 254 , 344 , 345 , 394 , 397 , ...…”

Section: Environmental Factors That Influence Tsh and Thyroid Hormone Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels

Leko

Gunjača

Pleić

et al. 2021

IJMS

132

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Thyroid hormones are necessary for the normal functioning of physiological systems. Therefore, knowledge of any factor (whether genetic, environmental or intrinsic) that alters the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones is crucial. Genetic factors contribute up to 65% of interindividual variations in TSH and thyroid hormone levels, but many environmental factors can also affect thyroid function. This review discusses studies that have analyzed the impact of environmental factors on TSH and thyroid hormone levels in healthy adults. We included lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet and exercise) and pollutants (chemicals and heavy metals). Many inconsistencies in the results have been observed between studies, making it difficult to draw a general conclusion about how a particular environmental factor influences TSH and thyroid hormone levels. However, lifestyle factors that showed the clearest association with TSH and thyroid hormones were smoking, body mass index (BMI) and iodine (micronutrient taken from the diet). Smoking mainly led to a decrease in TSH levels and an increase in triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels, while BMI levels were positively correlated with TSH and free T3 levels. Excess iodine led to an increase in TSH levels and a decrease in thyroid hormone levels. Among the pollutants analyzed, most studies observed a decrease in thyroid hormone levels after exposure to perchlorate. Future studies should continue to analyze the impact of environmental factors on thyroid function as they could contribute to understanding the complex background of gene–environment interactions underlying the pathology of thyroid diseases.

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“…In a study evaluating the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and circulating thyroid hormones in a population of Alaska natives it was suggested that the effects of PFAS exposure on thyroid hormone homeostasis may differ between sexes. Indeed, PFOS and PFNA were positively associated with circulating free triiodothyronine (FT3) in females and negatively associated with FT3 in males participants ( 61 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Disrupting Effects of Old and New Generation PFAS

et al. 2021

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) represent a group of synthetic compounds widely used in industry plants due to their low grade of degradation, surfactant properties, thermic and flame resistance. These characteristics are useful for the industrial production, however they are also potentially dangerous for human health and for the environment. PFAS are persistent pollutants accumulating in waters and soil and recoverable in foods due to their release by food packaging. Humans are daily exposed to PFAS because these compounds are ubiquitous and, when assimilated, they are difficult to be eliminated, persisting for years both in humans and animals. Due to their persistence and potential danger to health, some old generation PFAS have been replaced by newly synthesized PFAS with the aim to use alternative compounds presumably safer for humans and the environment. Yet, the environmental pollution with PFAS remains a matter of concern worldwide and led to large-scale epidemiological studies both on plants’ workers and on exposed people in the general population. In this context, strong concern emerged concerning the potential adverse effects of PFAS on the thyroid gland. Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the regulation of metabolism, and thyroid function is related to cardiovascular disease, fertility, and fetal neurodevelopment. In vitro, ex vivo data, and epidemiological studies suggested that PFASs may disrupt the thyroid hormone system in humans, with possible negative repercussions on the outcome of pregnancy and fetal-child development. However, data on the thyroid disrupting effect of PFAS remain controversial, as well as their impact on human health in different ages of life. Aim of the present paper is to review recent data on the effects of old and new generation PFAS on thyroid homeostasis. To this purpose we collected information from in vitro studies, animal models, and in vivo data on exposed workers, general population, and pregnant women.

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Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and associations with serum thyroid hormones in a remote population of Alaska Natives

Cited by 38 publications

References 70 publications

Prenatal plasma concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neuropsychological development in children at four years of age

Prenatal plasma concentrations of Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neuropsychological development in children at four years of age

Environmental Factors Affecting Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Levels

Thyroid Disrupting Effects of Old and New Generation PFAS

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