Exposure to perfluorononanoic acid combined with a low-dose mixture of 14 human-relevant compounds disturbs energy/lipid homeostasis in rats

Perfluorinated Chemicals as Emerging Environmental Threats to Kidney Health

“…We identified ten studies (n=10) profiling numerous nascent metabolic changes related to PFAS exposure (71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79)(80). Animal studies demonstrated that PFAS exposure led to derangements in lipid metabolism (73,74,78,80), glucose and mitochondrial energy metabolism (71)(72)(73)(74)78,79), fatty acid metabolism and antioxidation (75,80), sex hormone homeostasis, and amino acid metabolism (71,72,76,(78)(79)(80). In the only human study, metabolomic profiling on 181 Chinese men demonstrated lipid and amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic detoxifying, and metabolic pathways directly linked to CKD pathogenesis, including glutathione metabolism and nitric oxide generation, were disrupted by PFAS exposure (77).…”

The risk of chemical cocktail effects and how to deal with the issue

“…Disrupted reproductive development was observed in male sheep offspring following fetal exposure to pollutants from pregnant ewes feeding on pastures treated with human sewage sludge 10. Also, cocktail effects were recently shown in rodents exposed postnatally to low-dose mixtures, affecting parameters such as hormone synthesis and metabolic homoeostasis 11. These studies provide good evidence for low-dose cocktail effects and show that they should be of general concern.…”