Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbon: Implications in lung lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rat

Abstract

Objective:Various studies have implicated automobile exhausts as risk factors in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases; however, there is little or no documentation on the role of the main source of the exhausts, petroleum hydrocarbons, on cardiopulmonary pathologies. Thus, we investigated the effect of petroleum hydrocarbons, using various petroleum products, on histomorphology of the lung and the role of lipid peroxidation in it.Materials and Methods:Control rats were not exposed to any of the petroleum products, whereas petrol-exposed, diesel-exposed, and kerosene-exposed rats were exposed to petrol, diesel, and kerosene by inhalation, respectively.Results:Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons significantly induced lipid peroxidation with a consequent rise in malondialdehyde (MDA), and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and glutathione (GSH) level. Exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons also caused an alteration in the histomorphology of lung tissues.Conclusion:Our findings imply that exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons by inhalation is a risk factor in the pathophysiology of pulmonary dysfunction. This is associated with oxidative stress.

Adrenal Gland and Lung Lesions in Gulf of Mexico Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) Found Dead following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

“…The severe bacterial pneumonias found in UME dolphins could represent a chronic sequelae to hydrocarbon inhalation or aspiration, or have been secondary to PAH induced immune system compromise. The most common sequela to hydrocarbon inhalation and ingestion in humans and animals are aspiration pneumonia and pneumonia often involving the bronchioles [ 64 – 68 ]. Inhaled hydrocarbon vapors or aspirated hydrocarbons may cause necrosis of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, and pneumocyte and alveolar septal necrosis which leads to inflammation and secondary infection [ 64 – 66 ].…”

“…The most common sequela to hydrocarbon inhalation and ingestion in humans and animals are aspiration pneumonia and pneumonia often involving the bronchioles [ 64 – 68 ]. Inhaled hydrocarbon vapors or aspirated hydrocarbons may cause necrosis of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelium, and pneumocyte and alveolar septal necrosis which leads to inflammation and secondary infection [ 64 – 66 ]. During the 2007 firestorm in San Diego, dolphins and people living in San Diego Bay area were exposed to high levels of PAHs [ 69 , 70 ].…”

Apoptotic inducement of neuronal cells by codeine: possible role of disrupted redox state and caspase 3 signaling

“…Markers of oxidative stress, neutrophil inflammation, and enzymatic antioxidants were assayed using standardized enzymatic colorimetric method with assay kit as previously documented in our studies [ 13 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Briefly, MDA, the marker of lipid peroxidation, was measured as the amount of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, TBARS, generated during lipid peroxidation.…”

Genotoxic Response and Histological Alterations in Rat Lungs Exposed to Gasoline Generator Exhaust

“…Additionally, vascular toxicity may be indicated by a combustion emission component [50]. Inhaling petroleum hydrocarbons has been linked by Azeez et al [51] to the development of oxidative stress, which may be a risk factor in the pathogenesis of pulmonary dysfunction. Hallare [52] also suggested that workers at petrol stations and law enforcement agencies are more likely to suffer chromosomal damage due to exposure to potential genotoxic gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines utilised in cars.…”