Exposure to potentially traumatic events in young Swiss men: associations with socio-demographics and mental health outcomes (alcohol use disorder, major depression and suicide attempts)

Estévez-Lamorte, Natalia; Pitzurra, Raffaela; Foster, Simon; Gmel, Gerhard; Mohler‐Kuo, Meichun; Schnyder, Ulrich

doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1611093

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, when the two studies in which depression was diagnosed based on antidepressant use were excluded from the analysis, a significant association between aspirin use and depression was not observed (OR/RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.99-1.21, I 2 = 29.7%). Fourth, many other well-known depression-related factors, namely social relationships, 37 physical activity, 38 family history of depression, 39 potentially traumatic events, 40 and inflammatory markers, 41 were not adjusted for. Fifth, there was a substantial imbalance in the number of articles according with the aim of studying more than 19 000 healthy adults aged ≥65 years for a 5 year period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between aspirin use and depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

Kim

Jung

2020

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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Purpose Many clinical trials and observational studies have been conducted under the premise that the anti‐inflammatory effect of aspirin may prevent depression. These studies, however, showed inconsistent results. To inspect the association between aspirin use and depression, we conducted a meta‐analysis of observational studies. Methods In August 2019, two authors independently searched PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO to retrieve observational epidemiological studies presenting an association between aspirin use and depression. Case‐control and cohort studies were included, and odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of depression were estimated using a random‐effects model. In addition, number needed to harm (NNH) was calculated to measure the rates of depression. Results In total, 12 observational studies—five case‐control studies and seven prospective cohort studies—were included in this meta‐analysis. The random‐effects model demonstrated a significant association between aspirin use and depression (OR/RR 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05‐1.16) with insignificant heterogeneity (I2 = 23.3%). The risk estimates of depression from prospective cohort studies were similar (RR 1.11; 95% CI: 1.08‐1.14), and heterogeneity was not observed (I2 = 0.0%). In the subgroup meta‐analysis, a duration of aspirin use ≥5 years and a dosage ≥500 mg daily were also associated with depression. The NNH for depression with aspirin use >5 years was 103 (95% CI 91‐111) indicating that observed event is rare. Conclusions Aspirin use was associated with depression in the present meta‐analysis. One of the major limitations is the lack of detail and consistency with respect to exposure verification in the included papers. Another limitation is the lack of randomized controlled studies and prospective cohort studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between aspirin use and depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

Kim

Jung

2020

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug

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“…We decided to replicate this study to confirm the efficacy of propranolol in reducing PTSD symptoms and to observe the 3-month post-treatment effects. Traumatic exposure is also associated with alcohol use disorder, attempted suicide and major depression (MD) [ 23 ]. Considering that approximately 30–50% of the patients with a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD also meet the diagnostic criteria for MD [ 24 ], we also examined the efficacy of propranolol in reducing comorbid symptoms of depression, which has never been done before.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traumatic memory reactivation with or without propranolol for PTSD and comorbid MD symptoms: a randomised clinical trial

Roullet

Vaïva

Véry

et al. 2021

Neuropsychopharmacol.

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is difficult to treat but one promising strategy is to block memory reconsolidation of the traumatic event. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of traumatic memory reactivation under the influence of propranolol, a noradrenergic beta-receptor blocker, in reducing PTSD symptoms as well as comorbid major depression (MD) symptoms. We conducted a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial in 66 adults diagnosed with longstanding PTSD. Propranolol or a placebo was administered 90 min before a brief memory reactivation session, once a week for 6 consecutive weeks. Measures included the SCID PTSD module, the PTSD Check List (PCL-S) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). PTSD symptoms decreased both in the pre-reactivation propranolol group (39.28%) and the pre-reactivation placebo group (34.48 %). During the 6 treatment sessions, PCL-S and BDI-II scores decreased to similar extent in both groups and there were no treatment differences. During the 3-month follow-up period, there were no treatment effects for the mean PCL-S and BDI-II scores. However, in patients with severe PTSD symptoms (PCL-S ≥ 65) before treatment, PCL-S and BDI-II scores continued to decline 3 months after the end of treatment in the propranolol group while they increased in the placebo group. Repeated traumatic memory reactivation seemed to be effective for PTSD and comorbid MD symptoms. However, the efficacy of propranolol was not greater than that of placebo 1 week post treatment. Furthermore, in this traumatic memory reactivation, PTSD symptom severity at baseline might have influenced the post-treatment effect of propranolol.

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Potentially traumatic events and the association with hazardous alcohol use in 19,128 middle aged and elderly adults: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Husberg-Bru,

Hopstock,

Thimm

et al. 2024

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose The aim was to examine the association between a wide range of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) experienced in childhood, adulthood or both, and hazardous alcohol use, including the relationship between the total sum of PTEs and hazardous alcohol use in middle aged and elderly adults. Previous studies have predominantly focused on childhood PTEs or isolated PTEs and more severe alcohol problems, little focus has been given to middle aged and elderly adults with hazardous alcohol use and PTE experiences. Methods We used logistic regression analysis to study the relation between a broad range of PTEs and hazardous alcohol defined by the alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) in 19,128 women and men aged 40 years and above participating in the seventh survey of the Norwegian population-based Tromsø Study in 2015–2016. Alcohol abstainers were excluded from the analyses. Results Experience of violence, sexual abuse, bullying, painful or frightening medical and dental treatments, and serious illness or accident by a loved one were associated with higher odds for hazardous alcohol use. Further, there were higher odds of hazardous alcohol use per additional experienced PTE (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.20–1.25, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion PTEs were prevalent among participants who had a hazardous alcohol use. Also, most of the PTEs occurring in childhood, adulthood or both were independently related to hazardous alcohol use. Moreover, the findings indicate an association in the relationship between the number of PTEs and hazardous alcohol use.

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Exposure to potentially traumatic events in young Swiss men: associations with socio-demographics and mental health outcomes (alcohol use disorder, major depression and suicide attempts)

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

The association between aspirin use and depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

The association between aspirin use and depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies

Traumatic memory reactivation with or without propranolol for PTSD and comorbid MD symptoms: a randomised clinical trial

Potentially traumatic events and the association with hazardous alcohol use in 19,128 middle aged and elderly adults: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016

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