Exposure to RF-EMF Alters Postsynaptic Structure and Hinders Neurite Outgrowth in Developing Hippocampal Neurons of Early Postnatal Mice

Kim, Woo Jung; Chung, Ki-Seok; Hwang, Yeong Ran; Park, Hye Ran; Kim, Hee Jung; Kim, Hyunggun; Kim, Hak Rim

doi:10.3390/ijms22105340

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, current findings from Kim and co-workers demonstrate alterations in the postsynaptic structure and neurite outgrowth constraints on the hippocampal neurons of early postnatal mice [45]. The hypothalamus and hippocampus are crucially involved in the regulation of food intake and body weight [45][46][47][48][49], and both are affected by RF-EMFs radiation already in young rodent brains [20,45]. Moreover, in 5-and 10-year-old children, RF-EMFs exposure penetrates the brain far deeper than the mid-brain [50], reaching the hypothalamus amongst others [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…In line, hypothalamic ghrelin level is increased, while glycolysis (hexokinase) is lower upon exposure to mobile phone radiation in rats [20], indicating a disturbed appetite regulation. Furthermore, current findings from Kim and co-workers demonstrate alterations in the postsynaptic structure and neurite outgrowth constraints on the hippocampal neurons of early postnatal mice [45]. The hypothalamus and hippocampus are crucially involved in the regulation of food intake and body weight [45][46][47][48][49], and both are affected by RF-EMFs radiation already in young rodent brains [20,45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Mobile Phone Radiation Deflects Brain Energy Homeostasis and Prompts Human Food Ingestion

Wardzinski¹,

Jauch‐Chara²,

Haars³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Obesity and mobile phone usage have simultaneously spread worldwide. Radio frequency-modulated electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) emitted by mobile phones are largely absorbed by the head of the user, influence cerebral glucose metabolism, and modulate neuronal excitability. Body weight adjustment, in turn, is one of the main brain functions as food intake behavior and appetite perception underlie hypothalamic regulation. Against this background, we questioned if mobile phone radiation and food intake may be related. In a single-blind, sham-controlled, randomized crossover comparison, 15 normal-weight young men (23.47 ± 0.68 years) were exposed to 25 min of RF-EMFs emitted by two different mobile phone types vs. sham radiation under fasting conditions. Spontaneous food intake was assessed by an ad libitum standard buffet test and cerebral energy homeostasis was monitored by 31phosphorus-magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements. Exposure to both mobile phones strikingly increased overall caloric intake by 22–27% compared with the sham condition. Differential analyses of macronutrient ingestion revealed that higher calorie consumption was mainly due to enhanced carbohydrate intake. Measurements of the cerebral energy content, i.e., adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine ratios to inorganic phosphate, displayed an increase upon mobile phone radiation. Our results identify RF-EMFs as a potential contributing factor to overeating, which underlies the obesity epidemic. Beyond that, the observed RF-EMFs-induced alterations of the brain energy homeostasis may put our data into a broader context because a balanced brain energy homeostasis is of fundamental importance for all brain functions. Potential disturbances by electromagnetic fields may therefore exert some generalized neurobiological effects, which are not yet foreseeable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Mobile Phone Radiation Deflects Brain Energy Homeostasis and Prompts Human Food Ingestion

Wardzinski¹,

Jauch‐Chara²,

Haars³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Additionally, neuronal differentiation induced by RA was inhibited by RF-EMR exposure in Neuro2a cells. Kim et al reported that the total number of dendritic spines was significantly decreased in hippocampal neurons after RF-EMR exposure at 4 W/kg for 4 weeks ( 9 ). Our previous studies also showed that 72 h of 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure significantly inhibited neurite outgrowth in embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) at 4 W/kg, in which the BHLH gene and the EPHA5 signaling pathway were involved ( 15 , 16 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several previous studies have observed the effects of RF-EMR on neuronal cells at SAR value of 4 W/kg, showing the confirmed effect of RF-EMR exposure on dendritic development, cell cycle, etc. ( 9 , 44 – 46 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells

Deng

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Background: With the global popularity of communication devices such as mobile phones, there are increasing concerns regarding the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the brain, one of the most important organs sensitive to RF-EMR exposure at 1,800 MHz. However, the effects of RF-EMR exposure on neuronal cells are unclear. Neurite outgrowth plays a critical role in brain development, therefore, determining the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure on neurite outgrowth is important for exploring its effects on brain development.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure for 48 h on neurite outgrowth in neuronal cells and to explore the associated role of the Rap1 signaling pathway.Material and Methods: Primary hippocampal neurons from C57BL/6 mice and Neuro2a cells were exposed to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR at a specific absorption rate (SAR) value of 4 W/kg for 48 h. CCK-8 assays were used to determine the cell viability after 24, 48, and 72 h of irradiation. Neurite outgrowth of primary hippocampal neurons (DIV 2) and Neuro2a cells was observed with a 20 × optical microscope and recognized by ImageJ software. Rap1a and Rap1b gene expressions were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Rap1, Rap1a, Rap1b, Rap1GAP, and p-MEK1/2 protein expressions were detected by western blot. Rap1-GTP expression was detected by immunoprecipitation. The role of Rap1-GTP was assessed by transfecting a constitutively active mutant plasmid (Rap1-Gly_Val-GFP) into Neuro2a cells.Results: Exposure to 1,800 MHz RF-EMR for 24, 48, and 72 h at 4 W/kg did not influence cell viability. The neurite length, primary and secondary neurite numbers, and branch points of primary mouse hippocampal neurons were significantly impaired by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. The neurite-bearing cell percentage and neurite length of Neuro2a cells were also inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR exposure. Rap1 activity was inhibited by 48-h RF-EMR with no detectable alteration in either gene or protein expression of Rap1. The protein expression of Rap1GAP increased after 48-h RF-EMR exposure, while the expression of p-MEK1/2 protein decreased. Overexpression of constitutively active Rap1 reversed the decrease in Rap1-GTP and the neurite outgrowth impairment in Neuro2a cells induced by 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure for 48 h.Conclusion: Rap1 activity and related signaling pathways are involved in the disturbance of neurite outgrowth induced by 48-h 1,800 MHz RF-EMR exposure. The effects of RF-EMR exposure on neuronal development in infants and children deserve greater focus.

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Transcriptional response of primary hippocampal neurons following exposure to 3.0 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

Cantu,

Butterworth,

Payne

et al. 2024

Bioelectromagnetics

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Exposure to radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) has been associated with the modulation of neuronal electrophysiology and synaptic plasticity. Given the potential of these changes to coincide with alterations in gene expression, this study investigated whether a transcriptional response would occur in neurons following exposure to RF‐EMF, under both thermal and nonthermal conditions. Rat primary hippocampal neurons (PHNs) underwent either a single (one‐time) or a multiple (3‐times, once a day) exposures to RF‐EMF (3.0 GHz, CW) at two different mean specific absorption rate (SAR) values of 0.57 W/kg or 5.91 W/kg, which induced a temperature change (ΔT °C) of approximately 0.3°C or 3.6°C, respectively. Alteration in transcription in the RF‐EMF‐exposed PHNs versus the sham counterparts was assessed at 0, 4, and 24 h postexposure via high‐throughput RNA sequencing using Illumina HiSeq. 2000. A total of 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited significant upregulation due to RF‐EMF exposure, observed only with the high SAR dose that induced a thermal rise. However, the expression of these DEGs was not significant at 24 h postexposure. Our findings confirmed a lack of nonthermal effects on gene expression under low RF‐EMF exposure conditions as evaluated. Additionally, the results indicated a slight thermal effect of exposures at the dose nearing the standards threshold of 4 W/kg; however, the effect appeared to be transient. The study suggests that RF‐EMF exposures at a level close to the standards threshold, despite inducing mild temperature elevations (i.e., 3–5°C above normal), would not trigger biologically critical cellular changes.

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Exposure to RF-EMF Alters Postsynaptic Structure and Hinders Neurite Outgrowth in Developing Hippocampal Neurons of Early Postnatal Mice

Cited by 17 publications

References 69 publications

Mobile Phone Radiation Deflects Brain Energy Homeostasis and Prompts Human Food Ingestion

Mobile Phone Radiation Deflects Brain Energy Homeostasis and Prompts Human Food Ingestion

1,800 MHz Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Irradiation Impairs Neurite Outgrowth With a Decrease in Rap1-GTP in Primary Mouse Hippocampal Neurons and Neuro2a Cells

Transcriptional response of primary hippocampal neurons following exposure to 3.0 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields

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