Exposure to Tobacco Smoking in Vehicles, Indoor, and Outdoor Settings in Germany: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Mlinarić, Martin; Kastaun, Sabrina; Kotz, Daniel

doi:10.3390/ijerph19074051

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, staying in selected public places (eg, bars and restaurants) may be associated with a greater risk of exposure to secondhand smoke 5. Findings from the cross-sectional surveys among adolescents and young adults also showed that a markable proportion of youth may be exposed to secondhand smoke in cars and private vehicles 6 7. Moreover, sociodemographic factors such as educational level, financial situation and individual health literacy levels may influence the risk of exposure to secondhand smoke 3–6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public support for car smoking bans in Poland: a 2022 national cross-sectional survey

2022

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ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported secondhand smoke exposure in cars among adults in Poland and to characterise public attitudes towards the implementation of the ban on smoking in cars with children.DesignCross-sectional survey was carried out between 4 March 2022 and 7 March 2022 on a national sample of 1090 adult Polish residents. The questionnaire included 12 closed questions on smoking behaviours, secondhand smoke exposure as well as attitudes towards different smoke-free laws.ParticipantsData were obtained from 1090 individuals, aged 18–84 years, 52.6% were females.ResultsAlmost every fifth respondent (17.7%) declared secondhand smoke exposure in cars in the past 30 days (31.8% of smokers and 12.0% of non-smokers; p<0.001). Lack of the implementation of smoke-free home rules (aOR 2.92, 95% CI 1.99 to 4.29; p<0.001), age 18–29 years (aOR 2.06; 95% CI 1.16 to 3.67; p=0.01), current smoking (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.90; p<0.001) as well as bad financial situation (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.48; p=0.04) were significantly associated with the higher risk of secondhand smoke exposure in cars. Out of all respondents, 84.2% supported the implementation of the ban on smoking in cars with children. Out of 12 different sociodemographic factors, only the female gender (aOR 1.94, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.74) and being non-smokers (aOR 1.70. 95% CI 1.20 to 2.41; p=0.003) were significantly associated with the higher odds of supporting the implementation of the ban on smoking in cars with children.ConclusionsThis study showed high public support for the implementation of the ban on smoking in cars with children. Social support for smoke-free environments in Poland should be used by public health specialists and policy-makers to strengthen the national tobacco control act.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public support for car smoking bans in Poland: a 2022 national cross-sectional survey

2022

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The effects of planned education given to parents on smoking in the home environment and passive exposure of children aged 0–5: A quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study from Turkey

Umutlu,

Kocataş

2023

Journal of Pediatric Nursing

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PM2.5 Concentrations of Outdoor Tobacco Smoke at Different Distances From the Smoking Source: Is There an Optimal Distance for a Designated Smoking Area?

Kim,

Lee

2023

Nicotine and Tobacco Research

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Introduction Many countries have enacted indoor smoke-free policies, and some have established outdoor nonsmoking areas. However, no clear standard for determining the optimal distance for these outdoor nonsmoking zones remains. This study aimed to evaluate outdoor tobacco smoke (OTS) exposure up to a distance of 21 m and to identify factors influencing OTS levels. Methods To assess OTS levels, PM2.5 concentrations were measured at distances of 6, 12, 15, 18, and 21 m using real-time aerosol monitors. Between August and October 2022, a total of 164 measurements were undertaken. The background PM2.5 concentration was gauged for 5 minutes before smoking commenced and then re-measured 3 minutes during smoking. OTS levels were determined by calculating the difference between the average background PM2.5 and the average PM2.5 concentrations during smoking. A one-sample t test was employed to ascertain if the OTS levels at each distance were significantly elevated compared to 0 µg/m3. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the factors influencing OTS levels. Results The mean OTS levels recorded at all specified distances significantly surpassed 0 µg/m3. The regression analysis revealed that the OTS levels correlated significantly with distance and wind speed. Specifically, OTS levels diminished as distance expanded and wind speed reduced. Conclusions OTS levels, even at 21 m, were significantly greater than 0 µg/m3. Our results provide robust evidence supporting the establishment of outdoor nonsmoking zone up to 21 m. Implications Outdoor tobacco smoke (OTS) level was determined by PM2.5 concentration. The OTS levels significantly exceeded 0 µg/m3 at every measured distance up to 21 m. In the regression model, OTS levels notably correlated with distance and wind speed. OTS levels diminished as distance expanded and wind speed reduced.

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Exposure to Tobacco Smoking in Vehicles, Indoor, and Outdoor Settings in Germany: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Public support for car smoking bans in Poland: a 2022 national cross-sectional survey

Public support for car smoking bans in Poland: a 2022 national cross-sectional survey

The effects of planned education given to parents on smoking in the home environment and passive exposure of children aged 0–5: A quasi-experimental pre-post intervention study from Turkey

PM2.5 Concentrations of Outdoor Tobacco Smoke at Different Distances From the Smoking Source: Is There an Optimal Distance for a Designated Smoking Area?

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