Exposure to traffic and early life respiratory infection: A cohort study

Rice, Mary B.; Rifas‐Shiman, Sheryl L.; Oken, Emily; Gillman, Matthew W.; Ljungman, Petter; Litonjua, Augusto A.; Schwartz, Joel; Coull, Brent A.; Zanobetti, Antonella; Koutrakis, Petros; Melly, Steven J.; Mittleman, Murray A.; Gold, Diane R.

doi:10.1002/ppul.23029

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Our mechanistic findings align with the results of a recent, 10-year retrospective cohort study that examined whether proximity to a major roadway and traffic density around the home during pregnancy was associated with risk of early life respiratory infection in a pre-birth cohort in the Boston area(Rice et al, 2015). In that study, addresses for 1,263 mother-child pairs were geo-coded subsequent to enrollment during the first trimester of pregnancy in a study known as “Project Viva” that was conducted from 1992-2002.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

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Validation of research trajectory 1 of an Exposome framework: Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene confers enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection

Clark

Pellom

Booker

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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The exposome provides a framework for understanding elucidation of an uncharacterized molecular mechanism conferring enhanced susceptibility of macrophage membranes to bacterial infection after exposure to the environmental contaminant benzo(a)pyrene, [B(a)P]. The fundamental requirement in activation of macrophage effector functions is the binding of immunoglobulins to Fc receptors. FcγRIIa (CD32a), a member of the Fc family of immunoreceptors with low affinity for immunoglobulin G, has been reported to bind preferentially to IgG within lipid rafts. Previous research suggested that exposure to B(a)P suppressed macrophage effector functions but the molecular mechanisms remained elusive. The goal of this study was to elucidate the mechanism(s) of B(a)P-exposure induced suppression of macrophage function by examining the resultant effects of exposure-induced insult on CD32-lipid raft interactions in the regulation of IgG binding to CD32. The results demonstrate that exposure of macrophages to B(a)P alters their lipid raft integrity by decreasing membrane cholesterol 25% while increasing CD32 into non-lipid raft fractions. This robust diminution in membrane cholesterol and 30% exclusion of CD32 from lipid rafts causes a significant reduction in CD32-mediated IgG binding to suppress essential macrophage effector functions. Such exposures across the lifespan would have the potential to induce an immunosuppressive endophenotypes in vulnerable populations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…These findings are the first to suggest that living close to a major roadway during pregnancy may predispose the developing lung to infection in early life. (Rice et al, 2015)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of research trajectory 1 of an Exposome framework: Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene confers enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection

Clark

Pellom

Booker

et al. 2016

Environmental Research

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“…Many studies have shown associations between pollution exposure and the incidence and/or progression of multiple pulmonary diseases, including asthma, 1 COPD, 2 bronchiectasis, 3 respiratory infections, 4 chronic lung allograft dysfunction 5 and lung cancer. 6 There has been little research on whether air pollution may contribute to the etiology or accelerate the progression of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), a heterogeneous group of chronic lung diseases characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma that affect nearly 1 out of 200 older adults in the U.S. 7 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution and subclinical interstitial lung disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) air–lung study

et al. 2017

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We sought to determine whether ambient air pollution is associated with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) and high attenuation areas (HAA), which are qualitative and quantitative measurements of subclinical ILD on computed tomography. We performed analyses of 6813 community-based dwellers enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a U.S.-based prospective cohort study. We used cohort-specific spatiotemporal models to estimate predictions of ambient pollution (PM2.5, NOx, NO2 and O3) at each home. Participants underwent serial assessment of HAA by cardiac CT-scan and a subset of participants was assessed for ILA using full lung CT scan at 10 year follow-up. We used multivariable logistic regression and linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, tobacco use, scanner technology and study site. The odds of ILA increased 1.62-fold per 40ppb increment in NOx (95%CI 0.97 to 2.71, p-value 0.06), and were strongest in non-smokers (2.60-fold increase per 40ppb increment in NOx, 95% CI 1.20 to 5.61, p-value 0.02). HAA increased by 0.54% per year per 5μg/m3 increment in PM2.5 (95%CI 0.02% to 1.10%, p-value 0.04) and by 0.55% per year per 40ppb increment in NOx (95%CI 0.08% to 1.00%, p-value 0.02). Ambient air pollutants were associated with measurements of subclinical ILD.

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“…For example, traffic, which creates an air pollutant profile similar to wood burning, 23 has been consistently associated with greater childhood respiratory morbidity, 1 including respiratory infections, 24 asthma, 25,26 lower lung function, 26,27 and decreased lung growth. 26 Recent literature has additionally linked traffic pollution to childhood obesity, 28 insulin resistance, 29 and lower cognitive function.…”

Section: Other Sources Of Air Pollution and Child Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Stove Pollution in the Developed World: A Case to Raise Awareness Among Pediatricians

Rokoff

Koutrakis

Garshick

et al. 2017

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care

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Use of wood for residential heating is regaining popularity in developed countries. Currently, over 11 million US homes are heated with a wood stove. Although wood stoves reduce heating costs, wood smoke may adversely impact child health through the emission of gaseous and particulate air pollutants. Our purpose is to raise awareness of this environmental health issue among pediatricians. To summarize the state of the science, we performed a narrative review of articles published in PubMed and Web of Science. We identified 36 studies in developed countries that reported associations of household wood stove use and/or community wood smoke exposure with pediatric health outcomes. Studies primarily investigated respiratory outcomes, with no evaluation of cardiometabolic or neurocognitive health. Studies found community wood smoke exposure to be consistently associated with adverse pediatric respiratory health. Household wood stove use was less consistently associated with respiratory outcomes. However, studies of household wood stoves always relied on participant self-report of wood stove use, while studies of community wood smoke generally assessed air pollution exposure directly and more precisely in larger study populations. In most studies, important potential confounders, such as markers of socioeconomic status, were unaccounted for and may have biased results. We conclude that studies with improved exposure assessment, that measure and account for confounding, and that consider non-respiratory outcomes are needed. While awaiting additional data, pediatricians can refer patients to precautionary measures recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to mitigate exposure. These include replacing old appliances with EPA-certified stoves, properly maintaining the stove, and using only dry, well-seasoned wood. In addition, several studies have shown mechanical air filters to effectively reduce wood stove pollution exposure in affected homes and communities.

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Exposure to traffic and early life respiratory infection: A cohort study

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

Validation of research trajectory 1 of an Exposome framework: Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene confers enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection

Validation of research trajectory 1 of an Exposome framework: Exposure to benzo(a)pyrene confers enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection

Air pollution and subclinical interstitial lung disease: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) air–lung study

Wood Stove Pollution in the Developed World: A Case to Raise Awareness Among Pediatricians

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