Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and acute bronchitis in children: season and age as modifiers

Yao

et al. 2019

Environ Health

Background Previous studies showed inconsistent results on risk of increased outpatient visits for cause-specific diseases associated with ambient carbon monoxide (CO). Methods Daily data for CO exposure and outpatient visits for all-causes and five specific diseases in Yichang, China from 1st January 2016 to 31st December 2017 were collected. Generalised additive models with different lag structures were used to examine the short-term effects of ambient CO on outpatient visits. Potential effect modifications by age, sex and season were examined. Results A total of 5,408,021 outpatient visits were recorded. We found positive and statistically significant associations between CO and outpatient visits for multiple outcomes and all the estimated risks increased with longer moving average lags. An increase of 1 mg/m 3 of CO at lag06 (a moving average of lag0 to lag6), was associated with 24.67% (95%CI: 14.48, 34.85%), 21.79% (95%CI: 12.24, 31.35%), 39.30% (95%CI: 25.67, 52.92%), 25.83% (95%CI: 13.91, 37.74%) and 19.04% (95%CI: 8.39, 29.68%) increase in daily outpatient visits for all-cause, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary and gastrointestinal diseases respectively. The associations for all disease categories except for genitourinary diseases were statistically significant and stronger in warm seasons than cool seasons. Conclusion Our analyses provide evidences that the CO increased the total and cause-specific outpatient visits and strengthen the rationale for further reduction of CO pollution levels in Yichang. Ambient CO exerted adverse effect on respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric diseases especially in the warm seasons. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12940-019-0477-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon monoxide and risk of outpatient visits due to cause-specific diseases: a time-series study in Yichang, China

Yao

et al. 2019

Environ Health

“…In this study, we found that exposure to PM 2.5 and PM 10 had significantly instant effects on outpatient visits, and the effects lasted for 5–6 days and peaked at 3 days later. Previous studies have been found that PM had instant effect [25], lag effect [26, 27] or both effects [28] on outpatient visits for RDs. The difference of these conclusions might due to study population, sample size, or statistical methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of outdoor air pollutants on outpatient visits for respiratory diseases during 2012–2016 in Jinan, China

Niu

et al. 2018

Respir Res

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the associations between outdoor air pollution and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases (RDs) in general population.MethodsWe collected daily outpatient data of primary RDs from five hospitals in Jinan during January 2012 and December 2016, as well as daily measurements of air pollutants from the Jinan Environmental Monitoring Center and daily meteorological variables from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. A generalized additive model (GAM) with quasi-Poisson regression was constructed to estimate the associations between daily average concentrations of outdoor air pollutants (PM2.5,PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) and daily outpatient visits of RDs after adjusting for long-time trends, seasonality, the “day of the week” effect, and weather conditions. Subgroup analysis stratified by gender, age group and the type of RDs was conducted.ResultsA total of 1,373,658 outpatient visits for RDs were identified. Increases of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO and O3 were associated with0.168% (95% CI, 0.072–0.265%), 0.149% (95% CI, 0.082–0.215%), 0.527% (95% CI, 0.211–0.843%), 0.013% (95% CI, 0.003–0.023%), and 0.189% (95% CI, 0.032–0.347%) increases in daily outpatient visits for RDs, respectively. PM2.5 and PM10 showed instant and continuous effects, while NO2, CO and O3 showed delayed effects on outpatient visits for RDs. In stratification analysis, PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with acute RDs only.ConclusionsExposure to outdoor air pollutants including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO and O3 associated with increased risk of outpatient visits for RDs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0958-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

“…In China, studies found a clear relation between air pollution and the increasing number of cases of respiratory diseases. Bai et al (2018) found a significant relationship between traffic-related air pollution and hospital visits for childhood Acute Bronchitis (AB), particularly in school-age children during cold seasons. It was found that an interquartile range increase in concentrations of NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and CO would significantly increase the daily hospital visits of childhood AB with 4-day cumulative effect (Bai et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicle emission and atmospheric pollution in China: problems, progress, and prospects

Liu

et al. 2019

PeerJ

China has been the largest vehicle market in the world since 2009. The stalemate between the rapid development of the vehicle industry and delayed vehicle emission control has become increasingly prominent. Vehicle emission has become a significant source of air pollution in China’s cities. Understanding the current barriers in the vehicle industry is necessary for the development of effective and sustainable measures and policy to manage vehicle-induced air pollution. This review provides insight into the circumstances and causes of vehicle-induced air pollution and outlines recent progress in policy-makers’ long-term strategies and regulations. The development of an integrated mechanism of social participation, technical revolution, and regulatory innovation in vehicles, fuel, and roads is suggested to break the stalemate between air pollution and the automobile boom in China; the implications of this review extend to other countries facing the similar atmospheric pollution problems.