Exposure to violence, victimization differences and maxillofacial injuries in a Brazilian state capital: a data mining approach

Maia, Luíza Valéria Abreu; Bernardino, Ítalo Macedo; Ferreira, Efigênia Ferreira e; Cavalcanti, Silvana Maria de Morais; Martins, Renata de Castro

doi:10.1007/s10389-017-0860-x

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Brazilian laws confer the authority to declare violent or suspicious death onto the IFM, which is similar to the United Kingdom and the United States . The fact that violence was the most frequent cause of death among the unidentified bodies may also reflect the increased violence observed in Brazil, where 12% of deaths between 2012 and 2014 were from violent causes . Specifically, the state of Minas Gerais, where the present study was conducted, showed an increase of 47% in homicide rates between 1990 and 2015 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…8 The fact that violence was the most frequent cause of death among the unidentified bodies may also reflect the increased violence observed in Brazil, where 12% of deaths between 2012 and 2014 were from violent causes. [21][22][23][24][25] Specifically, the state of Minas Gerais, where the present study was conducted, showed an increase of 47% in homicide rates between 1990 and 2015. 23 The results showed that the most used TA B L E 2 Frequency distribution of the type of traumatic orofacial injury in the unidentified and unclaimed bodies (n = 530)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of traumatic orofacial and dental injury in unidentified bodies—Data from a forensic medicine institute in Brazil

Villalobos

Santos

Horta

et al. 2019

Dental Traumatology

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Background/Aim Orofacial trauma and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are serious public health problems due to their high prevalence, severe morbidity, high costs of treatment, and long‐term sequelae. However, the extent of the problem may be underestimated since trauma analysis, from a forensic odontology perspective, is not widely represented in the scientific literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of traumatic orofacial injuries (TOI) and TDI in unidentified bodies and their association with the cause of death. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of dental and autopsy reports of unidentified bodies admitted to the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Belo Horizonte (IFM‐BH), Brazil, between 2015 and 2016. The final sample was made up of 536 bodies. Demographic data, the location where the body was found, cause of death, and the presence and type of orofacial trauma were collected. Results The mean of the estimated age of the bodies was 38 years and the median was 35 years. Most of the bodies were from males (87.5%) and were found downtown in the city of Belo Horizonte (60.4%). Violence was the most common cause of death (64%), generally by gunshot (48.7%). Bodies with an estimated age ≤35 years were eight times more likely to have died from violent causes. TOI was registered in 50.9% of the reports. TDI was observed in 10.8% of the bodies. Victims of violent death were seven times more likely to present TOI. Such association was not observed when the presence of TDI was considered. Conclusions There is a positive association between TOI and violent death in unidentified bodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of traumatic orofacial and dental injury in unidentified bodies—Data from a forensic medicine institute in Brazil

Villalobos

Santos

Horta

et al. 2019

Dental Traumatology

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show abstract

“…This is a public health problem that has persisted over the years, despite many actions being taken to minimize its consequences . Physical aggressions have been identified as the most common forms of violence, and studies have increasingly reported high rates of oral and maxillofacial injuries among victims . Among anatomical sites, face corresponds to one of the main targets of aggressors, as it represents the locus of singularity and the identity of the human person, has high aesthetic value and plays a significant role during interpersonal interactions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among anatomical sites, face corresponds to one of the main targets of aggressors, as it represents the locus of singularity and the identity of the human person, has high aesthetic value and plays a significant role during interpersonal interactions . Maxillofacial injuries can significantly impact the quality of life of the victim in a three‐dimensional perspective (organic, functional and aesthetic), being frequently associated with disfigurement, functional impairment, severe morbidity and high costs for health services . In addition, a statistically significant association between exposure to childhood violence and poor oral health conditions in adulthood has been observed …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9] Physical aggressions have been identified as the most common forms of violence, and studies have increasingly reported high rates of oral and maxillofacial injuries among victims. 5,10,11 Among anatomical sites, face corresponds to one of the main targets of aggressors, as it represents the locus of singularity and the identity of the human person, has high aesthetic value and plays a significant role during interpersonal interactions. 4,5,12,13 Maxillofacial injuries can significantly impact the quality of life of the victim in a three-dimensional perspective (organic, functional and aesthetic), being frequently associated with disfigurement, functional impairment, severe morbidity and high costs for health services.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence: An ecological analysis to identify high‐risk areas

Bernardino

Nóbrega

Silva

et al. 2018

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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Objectives To investigate the spatial and spatial‐temporal distribution of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence, as well as to identify underlying disparities at regional level through a geostatistical approach. Methods This was a historical ecological cohort study of trauma cases caused by urban violence using aggregate data from victims assisted in a Brazilian medical‐forensic service between January 2012 and December 2015. The longitudinal patterns of change observed in each geographic area (neighbourhoods) were evaluated using the finite mixture model (FMM). The spatial autocorrelation of events was investigated using the Getis‐Ord Indicator (Gi*) to identify significant hot and cold spatial clusters. With a spatial regression model, it was also found when socioeconomic variables, residential infrastructure and neighbourhood infrastructure were associated with high incidence rates. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results The finite mixture model revealed three different patterns of longitudinal trajectory of the incidence of oral and maxillofacial trauma caused by urban violence (TP1 to TP3, P < 0.05). TP1 was characterized by an incidence that remained stable and high over time, comprising 17.4% of the city's neighbourhoods. In TP2, it was observed that the incidence was moderate, with a slightly increasing trend in the last year evaluated, representing around 41.8% of the sample. In contrast, in TP3, it was found that the incidence was relatively low and remained stable over time, accounting for about 40.8% of the sample. The Getis‐Ord (Gi*) statistic identified significant high‐risk clusters in the western (P < 0.05), southern (P < 0.05), and eastern regions (P < 0.05) and low risk in the northern region (P < 0.05). The spatial regression model indicated significant association between areas with unfavourable socioeconomic conditions and higher incidence of events (β = 0.178, SE = 0.046, P < 0.001). Conclusions Clusters demarcating areas with high socio‐spatial vulnerability for urban violence and oral and maxillofacial injuries were identified. The findings highlight the need to improve living conditions in segregated urban areas and develop intersectoral actions to improve living conditions, employment, public safety, social support, health care and prevention.

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Diagnosing malaria from some symptoms: a machine learning approach and public health implications

et al. 2020

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Exposure to violence, victimization differences and maxillofacial injuries in a Brazilian state capital: a data mining approach

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence of traumatic orofacial and dental injury in unidentified bodies—Data from a forensic medicine institute in Brazil

Prevalence of traumatic orofacial and dental injury in unidentified bodies—Data from a forensic medicine institute in Brazil

Spatial distribution of maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence: An ecological analysis to identify high‐risk areas

Diagnosing malaria from some symptoms: a machine learning approach and public health implications

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