Exposures and mortality among chrysotile asbestos workers. Part II: Mortality

Dement, John M.; Harris, Robert L.; Symons, Michael; Shy, Carl M.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700040304

Cited by 117 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In their review of the environmental measurements in which both dust and fiber concentrations were assessed, they found a particle to fiber conversion range of from 1.3 to 10.0 with an average of about 6 f/ml per mppcf. This value, which is intermediate between the values of 3 and 8 found by Dement et al (1983b) (Table B7), which parallels the results of Dement et al (1994). Unlike Dement et al, McDonald et al used South Carolina men as the control group rather than U.S. men.…”

Section: South Carolina Textile Factorymentioning

confidence: 37%

“…This person was employed continuously for 43 years in the shingle production area, where only chrysotile was used. In an attempt to compute an alternate K M using this one case, it was noted that the duration of observation of the Hughes et al cohort is roughly equivalent to that of the Dement et al (1983b) cohort. If the person-years from this cohort, categorized by years since first exposure, are adjusted by the ratio of the sizes of the Dement et al cohort and the Hughes et al non-crocidolite-exposed cohort from Plant 2, one mesothelioma is assumed to occur (in 30+ years from first exposure category) and the average duration of exposure (2.5 years) and fiber level (11.2 f/ml) appropriate for the Hughes et al cohort are applied to these data, a value of K M = 0.2 × 10 −8 is obtained.…”

Section: New Orleans Asbestos-cement Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimating K M by multiplying the potency estimated by the Hughes and Weill (1986) model by the ratio of the potency values estimated for another study using Eq. (4) and ; 0.21 × 10 −8 (Dement et al, 1983b); 0.27 × 10 −8 ; and 0.43 × 10 −8 (Finkelstein 1983). Based on these calculations, K M = 0.30 × 10 −8 seems to be a reasonable estimate for the Hughes et al cohort. It would be worthwhile to estimate mesothelioma risk using additional follow-up that includes the three cases that occurred shortly after follow-up ended.…”

Section: New Orleans Asbestos-cement Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a number of investigations of a cohort of workers exposed primarily to chrysotile at a textile plant in South Carolina (Dement et al, 1982(Dement et al, , 1983a(Dement et al, , 1983b(Dement et al, , 1994Stayner et al, 1997Stayner et al, , 2007 Brown, 1998, Hein et al, 2007). The present analysis is based upon follow-up though 2001 of 3072 workers (1256 white men, 1.5% lost to follow-up; 1265 mostly white females, 17% lost to follow-up; and 551 nonwhite males, 7% lost to follow-up) who worked for at least one month between 1940 and 1965.…”

Section: The South Carolina Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Follow-up of each worker was begun past 20 years from first employment. McDonald et al (1983a) had available the same exposure measurements as Dement et al (1983b) and used these to estimate cumulative exposures for each man in mppcf-yr. In their review of the environmental measurements in which both dust and fiber concentrations were assessed, they found a particle to fiber conversion range of from 1.3 to 10.0 with an average of about 6 f/ml per mppcf.…”

Section: South Carolina Textile Factorymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Update of Potency Factors for Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Berman¹,

Crump

2008

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

157

125

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The most recent update of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health assessment document for asbestos (Nicholson, 1986, referred to as "the EPA 1986 update") is now 20 years old. That document contains estimates of "potency factors" for asbestos in causing lung cancer (K L 's) and mesothelioma (K M 's) derived by fitting mathematical models to data from studies of occupational cohorts. The present paper provides a parallel analysis that incorporates data from studies published since the EPA 1986 update.The EPA lung cancer model assumes that the relative risk varies linearly with cumulative exposure lagged 10 years. This implies that the relative risk remains constant after 10 years from last exposure. The EPA mesothelioma model predicts that the mortality rate from mesothelioma increases linearly with the intensity of exposure and, for a given intensity, increases indefinitely after exposure ceases, approximately as the square of time since first exposure lagged 10 years. These assumptions were evaluated using raw data from cohorts where exposures were principally to chrysotile (South Carolina Although the linear EPA model generally provided a good description of exposure response for lung cancer, in some cases it did so only by estimating a large background risk relative to the comparison population. Some of these relative risks seem too large to be due to differences in smoking rates and are probably due at least in part to errors in exposure estimates. There was some equivocal evidence that the relative risk decreased with increasing time since last exposure in the Wittenoom cohort, but none either in the South Carolina cohort up to 50 years from last exposure or in the New Jersey cohort up to 35 years from last exposure.textileThe mesothelioma model provided good descriptions of the observed patterns of mortality after exposure ends, with no evidence that risk increases with long times since last exposure at rates that vary from that predicted by the model (i.e., with the square of time). In particular, the model adequately described the mortality rate in Quebec chrysotile miners and millers up through >50 years from last exposure. There was statistically significant evidence in both the Wittenoom and Quebec cohorts that the exposure intensity-response is supralinear 1 rather than linear. The best-fitting models predicted that the mortality rate varies as [intensity] 0.47 for Wittenoom and as [intensity] 0.19 for Quebec and, in both cases, the exponent was significantly less than 1 ( p < .0001).Using the EPA models, K L 's and K M 's were estimated from the three sets of raw data and also from published data covering a broader range of environments than those originally addressed in the EPA 1986 update. Uncertainty in these estimates was quantified using "uncertainty bounds" that reflect both statistical and nonstatistical uncertainties. Lung cancer potency factors (K L 's) were developed from 20 studies from 18 locations, compared to 13 locations covered in the EPA 1986 update. Mesothelioma p...

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Section: South Carolina Textile Factorymentioning

confidence: 37%

Section: New Orleans Asbestos-cement Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Orleans Asbestos-cement Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The South Carolina Cohortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: South Carolina Textile Factorymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Update of Potency Factors for Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Berman¹,

Crump

2008

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

157

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Levine¹

1994

JAMA

256

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The next day you do a MEDLINE search using the following terms: asthma (MH) (MH stands for MeSH heading, indexing terms used by National Library of Medicine personnel); adrenergic beta receptor agonists (MH); adverse effects (SH) (SH stands for Subheading). You limit the search to Abridged Index Medicus journals knowing that you will likely find the article your colleague recalled seeing within this list of major medical journals. Your MEDLINE search (1990 through 1993) identifies 38 citations. There were nine original studies, seven review articles, and 22 letters, editorials, and commentaries. Of the nine original articles, only one is an epidemiologic study assessing the risk of death associated with inhaled beta-adrenergic agonists, and you think this is the article to which your colleague referred. The study describes a 2.6-fold increased risk of death from asthma associated with the use of beta-adrenergic agonist metereddose inhalers [1].

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Medical examination for asbestos-related disease

Levin

Kann

Lax³

2000

Am J Ind Med

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There are millions of workers whose exposure to asbestos dust prior to the implementation of asbestos regulation and improved control measures places them at risk of asbestos‐related disease today. In addition, workers are still being exposed to significant amounts of asbestos, when asbestos materials in place are disturbed during renovation, repair, or demolition. Given the continued presence of asbestos‐containing materials in industrial, commercial, and residential settings throughout the U.S., a sizeable population remains at risk of asbestos‐related disease. This article reviews the health effects associated with exposure to asbestos and delineates the steps necessary for the comprehensive screening and clinical assessment for asbestos‐related disease, in order to assist physicians in identifying and preventing illness associated with exposure to asbestos among their patients. Am. J. Ind. Med. 37:6–22, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Exposures and mortality among chrysotile asbestos workers. Part II: Mortality

Cited by 117 publications

References 6 publications

Update of Potency Factors for Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Update of Potency Factors for Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma

Users' Guides to the Medical Literature

Medical examination for asbestos-related disease

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