Exposures to Particulate Air Pollution and Nitro-Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons among Taxi Drivers in Shenyang, China

Abstract

Exposures to particulate matter (PM) of both 10-2.5 μm (PM 10-2.5 ) and below 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) were measured for a cohort of taxi drivers in Shenyang, China, during August of 2007. PM samples were collected inside and outside the taxi during the drivers' workshifts, and also inside the drivers' homes when they were off-shift. Ambient PM samples were also collected at a stationary location in Shenyang. Elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) were also measured in PM collected on quartz filters inside the taxis as well as at the stationary site. Concentrations of three nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs): 1-nitropyrene (1NP), 2-nitropyrene (2NP), and 2-nitrofluoranthene (2NFl) were determined in extracts of the PM samples by using a 2D-HPLC-MS/ MS method. The 2NP and 2NFl concentrations did not change substantially with sampling location, but the 1NP concentrations were much higher in samples collected inside and outside the taxis as compared with sampling locations that were more removed from traffic. Concentration ratios of specific NPAHs were used to assess the atmospheric conditions in Shenyang during the sampling period. The relatively high ratios of 2NFl/1NP (~8-50) indicate an important contribution from secondary NPAH formation to ambient NPAH levels, especially for the non-taxi samples. The ratios of 2NFl/2NP (2.5-4.3) indicate that 2NFl is primarily formed via the hydroxyl-initiated reaction.

Factors affecting atmospheric 1-, 2-nitropyrenes and 2-nitrofluoranthene in winter at Noto peninsula, a remote background site, Japan

“…4 A), which mean that atmospheric 2-NP and 2-NFR at WAMS were mainly formed by the hydroxyl radical pathway, in agreement with previous studies (Bamford and Baker, 2003;Ciccioli et al, 1996;Feiberg et al, 2001;Hien et al, 2007;Miller-Schulze et al, 2010;Murahashi and Hayakawa, 1997;Murahashi et al, 1999;Reisen and Arey, 2005). …”

Evaluation of diesel exhaust exposure at two fire stations.

“…1-nitropyrene is a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, which is also a component of diesel exhaust [Bamford et al 2003], and has been used a surrogate measurement of exposure to diesel particulate matter [Galaviz et al 2015;Miller-Schulze et al 2010]. We measured carbon monoxide because it is a component of most combustion processes.…”

Environmental Behaviors and Toxicities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

“…Therefore, the formation yield of NPAHs from PAHs 25) A high concentration of 1-NP in the PM in automobile exhausts has been used as an effective marker of human exposure to automobile exhausts. [26][27][28][29] In East Asian cities, DEP and/or CSP were considered as major contributors to combustion PM. The [1-NP]/ [Pyr] ratios at Shenyang were 0.003 (winter) and 0.04 (summer), while the values at Tokyo were 0.13 (winter) and 0.09 (summer), respectively.…”