Expression and characterization of a recombinant i‐type lysozyme from the harlequin ladybird beetle <scp><i>H</i></scp><i>armonia axyridis</i>

Beckert, Annika; Wiesner, Jochen; Schmidtberg, Henrike; Lehmann, Rüdiger; Baumann, Andre; Vogel, Heiko; Vilcinskas, Andreas

doi:10.1111/imb.12213

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The lysozyme complexes probably evolved for release through N. vespilloides anal secretions and diversified to produce multiple enzyme variants in this species. The c-type and i-type lysozymes expressed in the N. vespilloides gut could show either digestive or immunity-related functions, the latter by potentiating the activity of other AMPs such as coleoptericins2324. The diversity of AMPs and lysozymes may also protect against rapidly evolving pathogens or unpredictable pathogen diversity in the soil2526.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The digestive and defensive basis of carcass utilization by the burying beetle and its microbiota

et al. 2017

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Insects that use ephemeral resources must rapidly digest nutrients and simultaneously protect them from competitors. Here we use burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides), which feed their offspring on vertebrate carrion, to investigate the digestive and defensive basis of carrion utilization. We characterize gene expression and microbiota composition in the gut, anal secretions, and on carcasses used by the beetles. We find a strict functional compartmentalization of the gut involving differential expression of immune effectors (antimicrobial peptides and lysozymes), as well as digestive and detoxifying enzymes. A distinct microbial community composed of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and a clade of ascomycetous yeasts (genus Yarrowia) is present in larval and adult guts, and is transmitted to the carcass via anal secretions, where the yeasts express extracellular digestive enzymes and produce antimicrobial compounds. Our results provide evidence of potential metabolic cooperation between the host and its microbiota for digestion, detoxification and defence that extends from the beetle's gut to its nutritional resource.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The digestive and defensive basis of carcass utilization by the burying beetle and its microbiota

et al. 2017

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“…In addition to playing some role in digestion, lysozymes are antimicrobial proteins that hydrolyse residues of peptidoglycan, which is the predominant cell wall polymer of bacteria (Fukamizo, ). In insects, lysozymes are mainly expressed in the fat body, and after immune challenge also in the hemocytes (Barthel et al., ; Beckert et al., ; Zhang et al., ), but were also shown to play important roles in the gut (Jacobs et al., ; Johnston & Rolff, ). Specific plant compounds of S. alba may act on the insect microbiota of P. cochleariae , thereby affecting immune responses particularly in larvae of the SS line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional responses to short‐term and long‐term host plant experience and parasite load in an oligophagous beetle

2017

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Oligophagous herbivores must adjust their enzymatic machinery to the different host plant species they consume. If different hosts are used from one generation to the next, adaptation may be highly plastic, while if a single host is used over several generations, there may be a longer-term response due to natural selection. Using an experimental evolutionary approach, we investigated effects of long-term experience vs. short-term responses to different host plants in the oligophagous mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae. After 26 generations of continuous feeding on either Brassica rapa, Nasturtium officinale or Sinapis alba, freshly hatched larvae were kept on these plants or moved to one of the other host plants for ten days. Global transcriptional patterns as shown by microarrays revealed that between 1% and 16.1% of all 25,227 putative genes were differentially expressed in these treatments in comparison with the control line constantly feeding on B. rapa. A shift back from S. alba to B. rapa caused the largest changes in gene transcription and may thus represent the harshest conditions. Infection rates with a gregarine parasite were intermediate in all lines that were constantly kept on one host, but much lower or higher when short-term shifts to other host plants occurred. In conclusion, transcriptional plasticity in genes related to metabolism, digestion and general cellular processes plays a key role in long-and short-term responses of the beetle to changing host plant conditions, whereby the specific conditions also affect the interactions between the beetle host and its gregarine parasite.

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“…The i-type lysozymes have muramidase and isopeptidase activities, but the i-type lysozymes in insects lack muramidase activity. In addition, some i-type lysozymes cannot be induced by immune stimulation, which indicates that they may have acquired new and undetermined functions in the process of evolution [12]. Researchers have suggested that c-type lysozymes are not only involved in immune defense but are also involved in insect digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Lysozyme Gene from Coridius chinensis (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae)

Huang¹,

Du²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Biology

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Coridius chinensis is a valuable medicinal insect resource in China. Previous studies have indicated that the antibacterial and anticancer effects of the C. chinensis extract mainly come from the active polypeptides. Lysozyme is an effective immune effector in insect innate immunity and usually has excellent bactericidal effects. There are two kinds of lysozymes in insects, c-type and i-type, which play an important role in innate immunity and intestinal digestion. Studying lysozyme in C. chinensis will be helpful to further explore the evolutionary relationship and functional differences among lysozymes of various species and to determine whether they have biological activity and medicinal value. In this study, a lysozyme CcLys2 was identified from C. chinensis. CcLys2 contains 223 amino acid residues, and possesses a typical domain of the c-type lysozyme and a putative catalytic site formed by two conserved residues Glu32 and Asp50. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CcLys2 belongs to the H-branch of the c-type lysozyme. The analysis of spatiotemporal expression patterns indicated that CcLys2 was mainly expressed in the fat body of C. chinensis adults and was highly expressed in the second- and fifth-instar nymphs. In addition, CcLys2 was significantly up-regulated after injecting and feeding bacteria. In the bacterial inhibition assay, it was found that CcLys2 had antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria at a low pH. These results indicate that CcLys2 has muramidase activity, involves in the innate immunity of C. chinensis, and is also closely related to the bacterial immune defense or digestive function of the intestine.

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Expression and characterization of a recombinant i‐type lysozyme from the harlequin ladybird beetle Harmonia axyridis

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

The digestive and defensive basis of carcass utilization by the burying beetle and its microbiota

The digestive and defensive basis of carcass utilization by the burying beetle and its microbiota

Transcriptional responses to short‐term and long‐term host plant experience and parasite load in an oligophagous beetle

Identification and Functional Analysis of a Lysozyme Gene from Coridius chinensis (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae)

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