Expression and Function of Host Defense Peptides at Inflammation Sites

Prasad, Suhanya Veronica; Fiedoruk, Krzysztof; Daniluk, Tamara; Piktel, Ewelina; Bucki, Robert

doi:10.3390/ijms21010104

Cited by 84 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…At this point, the expression pattern of β-defensins in humans is worthy of mention [see useful reviews on this here (18,19)]. All the many β-defensin members are strongly expressed in various segments of the epididymis post puberty (20,21) and a major function of β-defensins is in sperm maturation.…”

Section: Beta-defensin Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dichotomous Responses Driven by β-Defensins

2020

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Defensins are short, rapidly evolving, cationic antimicrobial host defence peptides with a repertoire of functions, still incompletely realised, that extends beyond direct microbial killing. They are released or secreted at epithelial surfaces, and in some cases, from immune cells in response to infection and inflammation. Defensins have been described as endogenous alarmins, alerting the body to danger and responding to inflammatory signals by promoting both local innate and adaptive systemic immune responses. However, there is now increasing evidence that they exert variable control on the response to danger; creating a dichotomous response that can suppress inflammation in some circumstances but exacerbate the response to danger and damage in others and, at higher levels, lead to a cytotoxic effect. Focussing in this review on human β-defensins, we discuss the evidence for their functions as proinflammatory, immune activators amplifying the response to infection or damage signals and/or as mediators of resolution of damage, contributing to a return to homeostasis. Finally, we consider their involvement in the development of autoimmune diseases.

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Section: Beta-defensin Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dichotomous Responses Driven by β-Defensins

2020

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“…Expressions of many AMPs in their native host animals are induced via microbial infection and are tissue-specific [27][28][29]. This phenomenon could be the evolution outcome to minimize the chances of inducing microbial resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria-induced expression of the pig-derived protegrin-1 transgene specifically in the respiratory tract of mice enhances resistance to airway bacterial infection

Zeng

Zhao

Xiao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background About 70% of all antibiotics produced in the world are used in the farm animal industry. The massive usage of antibiotics during farm animal production has caused rapid development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, which poses a serious risk to human and livestock health when treating bacterial infections. Protegrin-1 (PG-1) is a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP), initially identified in pig leukocytes with a broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activity, and a low rate of inducing bacterial resistance. Results To develop genetic approaches for reducing the use of antibiotics in farm animal production, we produced transgenic mice carrying a bovine tracheal AMP gene promoter-controlled PG-1 transgene. The PG-1 transgene was specifically expressed in the respiratory tract of transgenic mice upon induction by bacterial infection. These PG-1 transgenic mice exhibited enhanced resistance to nasal bacterial infection as the infected transgenic mice showed a higher survival rate, lower bacterial load and milder histological severity than the infected wild-type control littermates. Conclusions The present study provides a promising genetic strategy to prevent airway bacterial infections in animals by bacteria-inducible tissue-specific expression of PG-1 transgene, an approach which may also be helpful for reducing the possibility of inducing bacterial resistance.

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“…In humans, there are several types of cells that can produce AMPs, but the most known are those produced in the skin: keratinocytes, eccrine cells, sebocytes; also, phagocytes and neutrophils produce significant amounts of AMP (8). Main AMPs produced in the skin are: Defensin, cathelicidin, S100A family of proteins, RNase 7 and dermcidine.…”

Section: Ampsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the action of destroying pathogens is coupled, in the case of AMPs, with a strong pro-inflammatory action, that occurs by coupling AMPs with various receptors (most importantly CCR6) on various immune or non-immune cells with increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. At the same time, AMPs have a strong chemo-attractant effect on many immune and non-immune cells, and also have the ability to act on cellular functions (differentiation, maturation, autophagy), or on the cell cycle (blocking apoptosis) as in the case of neutrophils (8,32).…”

Section: Amps In Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial peptides as an argument for the involvement of innate immunity in psoriasis (Review)

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of oligopeptides found in most multicellular organisms with a capacity for rapid and nonspecific destruction of pathogens. The action of destroying pathogens is associated with a strong proinflammatory activity, stimulating the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors but also chemotaxis, the activation of dendritic cells and involving adaptive immunity also. The action of AMPs fits perfectly into the characteristics of innate immunity which makes these peptides candidates to be considered as an important element of this type of immunity. It has been shown that AMPs are involved in a number of cellular processes such as: differentiation, proliferation, maturation, thus widening the degree of involvement of these peptides in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. In psoriasis, AMPs act both as a pro-inflammatory and chemotaxis factor and through the cathelicidin (LL-37)/dc DNA complex as a possible autoantigen for T cells, triggering an autoimmune response, activating the Th17/IL23 axis and maintaining the inflammatory process. Thus, many arguments are accumulated to consider that innate immunity through AMPs is an important link in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Moreover, the action of antimicrobial peptides in psoriasis is almost entirely characteristic for the general mode of action of innate immunity. Contents 1. AMPs 2. AMPs in innate immunity 3. AMPs in psoriasis 4. Conclusions

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Expression and Function of Host Defense Peptides at Inflammation Sites

Cited by 84 publications

References 152 publications

The Dichotomous Responses Driven by β-Defensins

The Dichotomous Responses Driven by β-Defensins

Bacteria-induced expression of the pig-derived protegrin-1 transgene specifically in the respiratory tract of mice enhances resistance to airway bacterial infection

Antimicrobial peptides as an argument for the involvement of innate immunity in psoriasis (Review)

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