Expression and Nutritional Regulation of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes in the Ruminant Mammary Gland: Relationship with Milk Fatty Acid Composition

Bernard, L.; Leroux, Christine; Chilliard, Yves

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7969-7_13

Cited by 35 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Still, consistent with our results, a number of studies have shown a downregulation of SCD1 during MFD induced by marine and plant lipid supplementation (Ahnadi et al, 2002;Peterson et al, 2003;Angulo et al, 2012) or CLA administration (Baumgard et al, 2002;Gervais et al, 2009), the latter not only in cows but also in dairy ewes (Hussein et al, 2013). Increases in 20:5n-3 and trans-10 cis-12 CLA, which were observed from the early stage of FO treatment, might have been involved in this inhibition (Kadegowda et al, 2009;Bernard et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fish oil-induced milk fat depression and associated downregulation of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy ewes

Carreño

Hervás

Toral

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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A number of studies in dairy cows have shown a relationship between milk fat depression (MFD) and alterations caused in lipogenic gene expression by dietary nutrients.However, information in small ruminants is not only scarce but also inconsistent. Therefore, this experiment was conducted in dairy ewes to study the effect of a diet known to induce MFD on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and mRNA abundance of key candidate genes involved in mammary lipogenesis. Twelve lactating Assaf ewes (63 days in milk; SD = 7.8) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments consisting of a total mixed ration based on alfalfa hay and concentrates (50:50), supplemented with 0 (control) or 17 g of fish oil/kg of diet DM (FO). Profiles of milk FA and mRNA abundance of candidate genes in biopsied mammary tissue were examined before starting the treatments and after 1 and 4.5 weeks on the diets. As expected, FO induced MFD and modified milk FA composition. Compared with the control, 3 reductions in milk fat concentration and yield were not detected on day 7, but reached up to 25 and 22%, respectively, on day 30. However, increases in confirmed or putative antilipogenic FA (trans-10 cis-12 and trans-9 cis-11 18:2, cis-9 16:1, cis-11 18:1 and oxo-FA) were already established on the early stage of the treatment and lasted until the end of the feeding period. These changes were accompanied by decreases in the mRNA abundance of genes encoding lipogenic enzymes. The coordinated nature of the downregulation, which tended to affect most studied metabolic pathways, including FA activation (ACSS2), de novo synthesis (ACACA and FASN), uptake and transport (LPL and FABP3), desaturation (SCD1) and esterification (AGAPT6), supports the involvement of a central regulator of milk fat synthesis. In this regard, without ruling out the potential contribution of PPARG, our results suggest that SREBF1 would have a relevant role in the MFD syndrome in sheep fed FO.Among the other studied transcription factors, the tendency to a downregulation of INSIG1 was associated with that of SREBF1, whereas no variation was detected for SCAP or THRSP.Fish oil had no significant effects on the transcript abundance of CD36, GPAM, DGAT1, LPIN1 and XDH. Overall, changes in potential antilipogenic FA and mRNA abundance of candidate lipogenic genes support a relationship between them and suggest that FO-induced MFD in dairy ewes would be mediated by transcriptional mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Fish oil-induced milk fat depression and associated downregulation of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy ewes

Carreño

Hervás

Toral

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Milk fat concentrations of these FA were increased on the SOS treatment in both goats and cows, other than trans-9,trans-11 CLA enrichment that was confined to goats. Similarly, the SOS treatment resulted in a marginal or significant decrease in the major 14-to 18-carbon FA concentration ratios for Δ 9 -desaturase in milk from goats, whereas no changes or an increase was observed in cows, consistent with indirect comparisons of diet-induced changes in milk FA composition in these species (Chilliard et al, 2007;Bernard et al, 2013). It is possible that such differences are related to variation in the availability of trans-9,trans-11 CLA at the mammary gland, or interspecies differences in the sensitivity of mammary Δ 9 -desaturase to the inhibitory effects of PUFA.…”

Section: Response To a Starch-rich Diet Plus Sunflower Oilsupporting

confidence: 71%

Comparison of the nutritional regulation of milk fat secretion and composition in cows and goats

Toral

Chilliard

Rouel

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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115

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A study with 2 ruminant species (goats and cows) with inherent differences in lipid metabolism was performed to test the hypothesis that milk fat depression (MFD) due to marine lipid supplements or diets containing high amounts of starch and plant oil is caused by different mechanisms and that each ruminant species responds differently. Cows and goats were allocated to 1 of 3 groups (4 cows and 5 goats per group) and fed diets containing no additional oil (control) or supplemented with fish oil (FO) or sunflower oil and wheat starch (SOS) according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 26-d experimental periods. In cows, milk fat content was lowered by FO and SOS (-31%), whereas only FO decreased milk fat content in goats (-21%) compared with the control. Furthermore, FO and SOS decreased milk fat yield in cows, but not in goats. In both species, FO and SOS decreased the secretion of C16 FA output. However, SOS increased milk secretion of >C16 FA in goats. Compared with the control, SOS resulted in similar increases in milk trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in both species, but caused a 2-fold larger increase in trans-10 18:1 concentration in cows than for goats. Relative to the control, responses to FO in both species were characterized by a marked decrease in milk concentration of 18:0 (-74%) and cis-9 18:1 (-62%), together with a ~5-fold increase in total trans 18:1, but the proportionate changes in trans-10 18:1 were lower for goats. Direct comparison of animal performance and milk FA responses to FO and SOS treatments demonstrated interspecies differences in mammary lipogenesis, suggesting a lower sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of trans-10,cis-12 CLA in goats and that ruminal biohydrogenation pathways are more stable and less prone to diet-induced shifts toward the formation of trans-10-containing intermediates in goats compared with cows. Even though a direct cause and effect could not be established, results suggest that regulation of milk fat synthesis during FO-induced MFD may be related to a shortage of 18:0 for endogenous mammary cis-9 18:1 synthesis, increase in the incorporation of trans FA in milk triacylglycerols, and limitations in the synthesis of FA de novo to maintain milk fat melting point. However, the possible contribution of biohydrogenation intermediates with putative antilipogenic effects in the mammary gland, including trans-9,cis-11 CLA, trans-10 18:1, or cis-11 18:1 to FO-induced MFD cannot be excluded.

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“…Furthermore, our finding was in agreement with previous reports in dairy cattle Mele et al, 2016). The diet, particularly its lipid content, is one of the major factors affecting SCD activity (Ntambi and Miyazaki, 2004;Bernard et al, 2013). Fernandes et al (2007) reported a higher SCD activity in buffaloes fed on pasture compared to those fed concentrates.…”

Section: Multivariate Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of multivariate factor analysis to characterize the fatty acid profile of buffalo milk

Correddu

Serdino

Manca

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

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The suitability of multivariate factor analysis (MFA) to extract a small number of latent variables\ud able to explain the correlation pattern among fatty acids (FA) in buffalo milk was evaluated. FA\ud profile of milk samples from 214 Italian water buffaloes was analysed by gas chromatography.\ud MFA, performed on the correlation matrix of 52 FA, was able to extract 10 latent factors with\ud specific biological meaning related to a common metabolic origin for FA associated with the same\ud factor. Scores of the factors were treated as new quantitative phenotypes to evaluate the effect of\ud age, month of calving and lactation stage. MFA approach was effective in describing the FA profile\ud of buffalo milk by using a low number of new latent variables that clustered FA having similar\ud metabolic origin and function. The new variables were also useful to test the effect of\ud environmental and individual animal factors on milk FA composition

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Expression and Nutritional Regulation of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes in the Ruminant Mammary Gland: Relationship with Milk Fatty Acid Composition

Cited by 35 publications

References 128 publications

Fish oil-induced milk fat depression and associated downregulation of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy ewes

Fish oil-induced milk fat depression and associated downregulation of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy ewes

Comparison of the nutritional regulation of milk fat secretion and composition in cows and goats

Use of multivariate factor analysis to characterize the fatty acid profile of buffalo milk

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