Expression and Purification of Recombinant Rat Eosinophil-Associated Ribonucleases, Homologues of Human Eosinophil Cationic Protein and Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin, and Their Characterization

Nakajima, Masahiro; Hirakata, Mikito; Nittoh, Takeaki; Ishihara, Kenji; Ohuchi, Kazuo

doi:10.1159/000053822

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Furthermore, anti-microbial actiovities have been documented by Nakajima et al [38]. Mouse EAR2, is also chemotactic for human as well as mouse DCs [39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hepatic Gene Expression Profile in Mice Perorally Infected with Echinococcus multilocularis Eggs

et al. 2010

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BackgroundAlveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe chronic hepatic parasitic disease currently emerging in central and eastern Europe. Untreated AE presents a high mortality (>90%) due to a severe hepatic destruction as a result of parasitic metacestode proliferation which behaves like a malignant tumor. Despite this severe course and outcome of disease, the genetic program that regulates the host response leading to organ damage as a consequence of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis is largely unknown.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe used a mouse model of AE to assess gene expression profiles in the liver after establishment of a chronic disease status as a result of a primary peroral infection with eggs of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis. Among 38 genes differentially regulated (false discovery rate adjusted p≤0.05), 35 genes were assigned to the functional gene ontology group , while 3 associated with the functional group . Upregulated genes associated with could be clustered into functional subgroups including , , , and . Two downregulated genes related to and , respectively. The genes either associated with an or an pathway. From the overexpressed genes, 18 genes were subsequently processed with a Custom Array microfluidic card system in order to assess respective expression status at the mRNA level relative to 5 reference genes (Gapdh, Est1, Rlp3, Mdh-1, Rpl37) selected upon a constitutive and stable expression level. The results generated by the two independent tools used for the assessment of gene expression, i.e., microarray and microfluidic card system, exhibited a high level of congruency (Spearman correlation rho = 0.81, p = 7.87e-5) and thus validated the applied methods.Conclusions/SignificanceBased on this set of biomarkers, new diagnostic targets have been made available to predict disease status and progression. These biomarkers may also offer new targets for immuno-therapeutic intervention.

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“…Furthermore, anti-microbial actiovities have been documented by Nakajima et al [38]. Mouse EAR2, is also chemotactic for human as well as mouse DCs [39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hepatic Gene Expression Profile in Mice Perorally Infected with Echinococcus multilocularis Eggs

et al. 2010

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“…In addition, this study suggested that eosinophil cytoplasmic granules translocate their content of ECP and MBP into phagocytic vacuoles in order to kill ingested bacteria. A different killing mechanism was suggested by Nakajima et al (2001) showing that eosinophil RNases have bactericidal activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. In addition, eosinophils demonstrated a rapid and efficient killing of E. coli in vitro through superoxide production in a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase- and EPO- (but not nitric oxide) dependent manner (Persson et al 2001).…”

Section: Eosinophils In Diseasementioning

confidence: 98%

Eosinophils in innate immunity: an evolving story

2010

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Eosinophils are innate immune leukocytes found in relatively low numbers within the blood. Terminal effector functions of eosinophils, deriving from their capacity to release their content of tissue-destructive cationic proteins, have historically been considered primary effector mechanisms against specific parasites, and are likewise implicated in tissue damage accompanying allergic responses such as asthma. However, the past decade has seen dramatic advancements in the field of eosinophil immunobiology, revealing eosinophils to also be key participants in many other facets of innate immunity, from bridging innate and adaptive immune responses to orchestrating tissue remodeling events. Here, we review the multifaceted functions of eosinophils in innate immunity that are currently known, and discuss new avenues in this evolving story.

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“…Divergent eosinophil-associated RNases have also been identified in other rodent species, including hamsters, gerbils, guinea pigs and rats ( Fig. (4); [24][25][26]). …”

Section: Rapid Evolution Of Edn and Its Rodent Orthologsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin / RNase 2: Connecting the Past, the Present and the Future

Rosenberg¹

2008

CPB

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The eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN, also known as eosinophil protein-X) is best-known as one of the four major proteins found in the large specific granules of human eosinophilic leukocytes. Although it was named for its discovery and initial characterization as a neurotoxin, it is also expressed constitutively in human liver tissue and its expression can be induced in macrophages by proinflammatory stimuli. EDN and its divergent orthologs in rodents have ribonuclease activity, and are members of the extensive RNase A superfamily, although the relationship between the characterized physiologic functions and enzymatic activity remains poorly understood. Recent explorations into potential physiologic functions for EDN have provided us with some insights into its role in antiviral host defense, as a chemoattractant for human dendritic cells, and most recently, as an endogenous ligand for toll-like receptor (TLR)2.

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Expression and Purification of Recombinant Rat Eosinophil-Associated Ribonucleases, Homologues of Human Eosinophil Cationic Protein and Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin, and Their Characterization

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Hepatic Gene Expression Profile in Mice Perorally Infected with Echinococcus multilocularis Eggs

Hepatic Gene Expression Profile in Mice Perorally Infected with Echinococcus multilocularis Eggs

Eosinophils in innate immunity: an evolving story

Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin / RNase 2: Connecting the Past, the Present and the Future

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