Expression of a plant expansin is involved in the establishment of root knot nematode parasitism in tomato

Gal, Tali Z.; Aussenberg, Elitsur R.; Burdman, Saul; Kapulnik, Yoram; Koltai, Hinanit

doi:10.1007/s00425-005-0204-x

Cited by 72 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Moreover, a molecule associated to rhizobial Nod factor acting as an initial signal of RKN-plant parasitism (Weerasinghe et al 2005). Recently, gene expression patterns during initiation of the NFS have been examined by various approaches such as transcriptomic analysis (Dubreuil et al 2007), promoter-trapping strategies (Favery et al 2004), in situ hybridizations (Gal et al 2006), quantitative RT-PCR and in situ RT-PCR (Wieczorek et al 2014). Identification of pathogen effectors, function of the effectors in the NFS development as well as mechanism of the parasitism will be more fascinating with the technical advancement in future.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanism Of Establishing Nematode-induced Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Durable is Root Knot Nematode Resistance in Tomato?

Rashid¹,

Al-Mamun²,

Uddin³

2017

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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Among the plant parasitic nematodes, root knot nematode (RKN) is the most devastating in tomato growing regions. Controlling RKN mostly relies on nematicides. Since chemical application is limited due to adverse environmental effect, alternative approaches are required. Although there are some alternatives, but resistance cultivars are getting popularity in the farmer's field because of simplicity, cost-effective and environment safety. Genes conferring resistance to RKN have already been identified followed by the introgression into elite cultivars. Currently, natural resistance genes (R genes) are used in conventional breeding programmes. Simultaneously, molecular research is going on to characterize and map the linked markers for the detected resistant phenotypes. Currently, it is a prominent threat to maintain the durability of existing R genes. However, durability of host resistance govern by co-evolution of resistance genes from plants and (a)virulence genes from nematodes. So, understanding the mechanisms underlying co-evolution is essential for the durability of R genes. Here we review the existing potential natural resistance in tomato against RKN, currently used resistance mechanisms between RKN and tomato, influential factors of durability of natural resistance genes and opportunity to get more durable resistance in tomato.

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Section: Molecular Mechanism Of Establishing Nematode-induced Feedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Durable is Root Knot Nematode Resistance in Tomato?

Rashid¹,

Al-Mamun²,

Uddin³

2017

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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“…Expansins are a superfamily of proteins that play a crucial role in cell wall loosening. An expansin-encoding gene is upregulated in nitrogen-fixing nodules (Giordano and Hirsch, 2004) and a tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) expansin gene (LeEXPA5) was recently found to be induced by a root-knot nematode during early stages of infection when plant cells expand to form the gall (Gal et al, 2006). Expansin genes have been reported to be up-regulated after infection of plants by AM fungi before (Journet et al, 2002;Liu et al, 2003;Weidmann et al, 2004).…”

Section: Sequences Expression Profiling Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots during Development of the Prepenetration Apparatus

Siciliano¹,

Genre²,

Balestrini³

et al. 2007

Plant Physiology

123

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Information on changes in the plant transcriptome during early interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is still limited since infections are usually not synchronized and plant markers for early stages of colonization are not yet available. A prepenetration apparatus (PPA), organized in epidermal cells during appressorium development, has been reported to be responsible for assembling a trans-cellular tunnel to accommodate the invading fungus. Here, we used PPAs as markers for cell responsiveness to fungal contact to investigate gene expression at this early stage of infection with minimal transcript dilution. PPAs were identified by confocal microscopy in transformed roots of Medicago truncatula expressing green fluorescent protein-HDEL, colonized by the AM fungus Gigaspora margarita. A PPA-targeted suppressive-subtractive cDNA library was built, the cDNAs were cloned and sequenced, and, consequently, 107 putative interaction-specific genes were identified. The expression of a subset of 15 genes, selected by reverse northern dot blot screening, and five additional genes, potentially involved in PPA formation, was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and compared with an infection stage, 48 h after the onset of the PPA. Comparison of the expression profile of G. margarita-inoculated wild type and the mycorrhiza-defective dmi3-1 mutant of M. truncatula revealed that an expansin-like gene, expressed in wild-type epidermis during PPA development, can be regarded as an early host marker for successful mycorrhization. A putative Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited gene, found to be up-regulated in the mutant, suggests novel regulatory roles for the DMI3 protein in the early mycorrhization process.Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis represents a unique interaction between a symbiotic fungus and its host plant. The fungus, an obligate biotroph belonging to Glomeromycota (Schü ßler et al., 2001), is provided by the host plant with carbon sources required to complete its life cycle, whereas it facilitates the plant with the uptake of nutrients, such as phosphate (Smith and Read, 1997). Cellular, physiological, biochemical, and molecular research on mycorrhization is currently performed in many laboratories because positive effects of symbiotic fungi on the metabolism of their host plants are recognized as being beneficial to many ecosystems.The AM-plant associations are a result of a long coevolutionary process (Karandashov and Bucher, 2005) that required profound morphological readjustments in the plant to accommodate the fungus and to facilitate the exchange of nutrients between the two partners. In both epidermal and cortical cells, the fungus is surrounded by a membrane of host origin. The formation of this apoplastic interface causes a dramatic structural re-organization of the plant cells with all their organelles (Bonfante, 1984;Bonfante and Perotto, 1995).Development of new technological (in vivo confocal microscopy) and molecular (transformed plants expressing GUS or GFP marke...

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“…An example of this response is the case of an expansin gene expressed during Meloidogyne javanica parasitism that acts as a facilitator of cell expansion in vivo, being extremely important for the expansion of the giant cell. The LeEXPA5-antisense transgenic roots reduce the nematode ability to complete its life cycle [94]. Therefore, proteomic approaches can act together with other functional genomic tools for identification of specific protein / RNA targets and for the development of new transgenic crops resistant to nematodes.…”

Section: Root-nematode Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rooteomics: The Challenge of Discovering Plant Defense-Related Proteins in Roots

Mehta¹,

Magalhães²,

Souza³

et al. 2008

CPPS

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Abstract:In recent years, a strong emphasis has been given in deciphering the function of genes unraveled by the completion of several genome sequencing projects. In plants, functional genomics has been massively used in order to search for gene products of agronomic relevance. As far as root-pathogen interactions are concerned, several genes are recognized to provide tolerance/resistance against potential invaders. However, very few proteins have been identified by using current proteomic approaches. One of the major drawbacks for the successful analysis of root proteomes is the inherent characteristics of this tissue, which include low volume content and high concentration of interfering substances such as pigments and phenolic compounds. The proteome analysis of plant-pathogen interactions provides important information about the global proteins expressed in roots in response to biotic stresses. Moreover, several pathogenic proteins superimpose the plant proteome and can be identified and used as targets for the control of viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematode pathogens. The present review focuses on advances in different proteomic strategies dedicated to the challenging analysis of plant defense proteins expressed during bacteria-, fungi-and nematode-root interactions. Recent developments, limitations of the current techniques, and technological perspectives for root proteomics aiming at the identification of resistance-related proteins are discussed.

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Expression of a plant expansin is involved in the establishment of root knot nematode parasitism in tomato

Cited by 72 publications

References 26 publications

How Durable is Root Knot Nematode Resistance in Tomato?

How Durable is Root Knot Nematode Resistance in Tomato?

Transcriptome Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots during Development of the Prepenetration Apparatus

Rooteomics: The Challenge of Discovering Plant Defense-Related Proteins in Roots

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