“…Furthermore, there has been a lack of wheat and barley genome sequences, although barley genome has recently been published (The International Barley Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2012), which should assist the process of identifying elements relating to resistance. Transgenic wheat expressing a α-1-purothionin, a thaumatin-like protein 1, a β-1,3-glucanase (MacKintosh et al, 2007), a class II chitinase (Shin et al, 2008), an antifungal plant defensin (Li et al, 2011), a pectin methyl-esterase inhibitor (Volpi et al, 2011), a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (Ferrari et al, 2012), a lactoferrin (Han et al, 2012), a Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1 (Makandar et al, 2006), or a truncated form of the yeast ribosomal protein L3 (Di et al, 2010) enhanced resistance to FHB under greenhouse conditions. However, transgenic lines have rarely been tested for FHB severity under field conditions.…”