Expression of angiopoietin‐1, angiopoietin‐2, and their receptor Tie2 in verruca vulgaris (common skin warts)

Abstract

Upregulation of Ang1, Ang2, and Tie2 seems to play a possible role in the angiogenesis associated with common skin warts.

The Immunohistochemical Assessment of Neoangiogenesis Factors in Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Their Precursors in the Skin

“…Compared with healthy skin, the expression of Ang1, Ang2, and Tie2 is increased in HPV-associated warts [ 21 ]. No correlation was found between the number of markers and the duration of the disease or the number of warts.…”

“…The relative gene expression levels of Ang1, Ang2, and Tie2 were higher in HPV-associated warts compared with normal skin, suggesting that the upregulation of these biomarkers may play a role in the development of such warts [ 21 ]. HPV infection could promote cSCC, especially in the context of chronic inflammation, such as actinic keratosis [ 22 ].…”

“…Therefore, it could serve as a diagnostic marker in skin carcinogenesis. In addition, Ang1 could be a therapeutic intervention marker, as it inhibits the growth of cSCCs by phosphorylating the Tie2 receptor [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Angiogenesis in Warts

“…Angiogenesis plays a key role in primary tumour growth and can be quanti ed by the evaluation of the microvessel density, which re ects the number of vessels per mm 2 within a histological section [6].…”

“…In cutaneous warts, these vascular structures may be seen with the dermatoscope in form of multiple papillae containing a central red or punk-shaped black dot or loop surrounded by a whitish halo, also described as thrombosed capillaries [4]. Therefore angiogenesis and vasodilatation are considered to be involved in the development of warts [4][5][6]. Angiogenesis can be quanti ed by assessing the microvessel density (MVD), which re ects the number of vessels per mm 2 within a histological section, and is associated with the degree of local neovascularisation [7].…”