Expression of beclin 1 in primary salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma and its relation to Bcl-2 and p53 and prognosis

Abstract

Beclin 1 plays a critical role in autophagy and functions as a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor. The expression and prognostic significance of beclin 1 in head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are largely unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the expression of beclin 1, Bcl-2, and p53 in head and neck ACC tissue. Tissue samples from 35 cases (15 females, 20 males) of head and neck ACC were utilized for immunohistochemistry. Beclin 1 expression was observed in 32 cases (91.4%) and considered to be high in 15 cases (42.9%) and low in 20 cases (57.1%). Beclin 1 expression was significantly correlated with a histological growth pattern (P=0.046) and histological grade (P=0.037). Beclin 1 expression was inversely correlated with Bcl-2 expression (P=0.013) and significantly associated with overall survival (P=0.006). Bcl-2 and p53 expression were observed in 21 cases (60.0%) and 16 cases (45.7%). Bcl-2 expression was significantly correlated with perineural invasion (P=0.041) and not associated with overall survival (P=0.053). p53 expression was directly correlated with beclin 1 expression (P=0.044). Our results indicated that beclin 1 may be a novel, promising prognostic factor for clinical outcome in head and neck ACC patients and may play a part in the development of head and neck ACC by interacting with Bcl-2 and p53.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma: A review of recent advances, molecular targets, and clinical trials

“…By immunohistochemistry, the myoepithelial tumor cells that surround the pseudocysts stain positively for smooth muscle actin, S100, vimentin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain 8. Also, ACC cells are strongly positive for the receptor tyrosine kinase c‐KIT (CD117) and MYB (Figure 1B) regardless of grade 8, 14, 15. Biomarkers, such as c‐KIT, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)−3, Ki‐67, and p53, have been linked to biologic aggressiveness and poor prognosis 8.…”

Analysis of Ki-67 expression as clinicopathological parameters in predicting the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma

“…18 Similarly, research conducted by Jiang et al found no relationship between Bcl-2 expression and the clinical parameters in adenoid cystic carcinoma. 9 Since there was no relation between Ki-67 expression and clinical parameters within this research, the clinical parameters cannot be used to determine the aggressiveness and prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma.…”

“…Histopathological grading consisted of the following categories: grade I; if there was a tubular and cribriform pattern without a solid component, grade II; when only cribriform pattern was present or mixed with a solid component comprising less than 30% and grade III; when there was a tumor with a predominantly solid component. 9 Immunohistochemical preparations were made using a Ki-67 antibody (Clone SP6, Biocare, USA) 1:50 dilution withjn a streptavidin-biotin peroxidase method (LSAB kit K0492, Dako, Carpinteria, CA). Such preparations were considered to be positive if a brownish immunoreactive tumor cell nucleus was present.…”

“…The results obtained ranged from 1 to 12 and were then associated with histopathological grading of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. 9 Thereafter, the data obtained were recorded for further statistical analysis using a chi-square test.…”

Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway or Overexpression of Beclin1 Blocks Reinfection of Streptococcus pneumoniae After Infection of Influenza A Virus in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia

“…Beclin1, a mammalian homolog of the yeast Atg6/Vacuolar protein sorting 30 (Vps30) protein, is suggested to play a vital role in macroautophagy and vacuolar protein sorting [17]. Meanwhile, Beclin1 is necessary for the development of normal mammalian and it has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in pathogenesis, including cancer [18]. The phosphorylation of Beclin1 mediated by protein kinase B (AKT) functions in oncogenesis and autophagy inhibition [19].…”