Expression of cancer stem cells markers in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma and its precursor lesions

Abstract

Background. Cancer stem cells (CSC) and their role in tumorigenesis of various solid tumors have been studied in past decades. Urothelial CSC were first identified 10 years ago and subsequent studies have been performed with the aim to identify reliable markers of CSC. So far, a few studies have investigated a relationship between CSC markers expression in urothelial carcinoma tissue and histopathological characteristics of the tumor. Methods. In our study, we evaluated an immunoexpression of the CSC markers CD24, CD44, CD66 and CD133 in tissue sections of urothelial carcinoma (all tumor grades and stages were included), urothelial carcinoma in situ and non-neoplastic urothelium, totally 218 specimens were enrolled. Results. All studied molecules were expressed either in tumor tissue and non-neoplastic urothelium. Urothelial carcinomas of higher tumor grade and stage expressed molecules CD24 and CD133 significantly more frequently whereas molecules CD44 and CD66 did not show significant association with tumor histopathological features. Conclusions. Our results showed that studied molecules are not suitable for direct detection of CSC in urothelial carcinoma tissue sections, but an expression of molecules CD24 and CD133 is significantly related to urothelial carcinoma grade and stage, which are both important prognostic indicators and therefore an expression of these markers might have a potential prognostic value.

CD44 and p53 co-expression in high grade, muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma with and without schistosomiasis

“…Moreover, we found that the expression of CD44 has no statistical correlation with any pathological parameters. This finding was the same as Senol et al, 2015a andHaceka et al, 2020. We noticed positive p53 expression in 76.5% (n=26) of cases. This result was in concordance with a study by Venyo et al, 2010 where 24 (77.4%) out of 31 muscle-invasive tumors were positive for p53.…”

Diagnostic Roles of Immunohistochemical Markers CK20, CD44, AMACR, and p53 in Urothelial Carcinoma In Situ

“…Based on our results, it has higher sensitivity and specificity than CK20. CK20-negative uCIS was identified in up to 55.1% of cases [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Because we did not use a 0% threshold for evaluating CK20, there could be different distributions based on that threshold.…”

“…Twenty-five articles were included and reviewed in this meta-analysis [ 4 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. From eligible studies, we collected the following information: first author’s name, publication date, study location, number of patients and IHC markers analyzed, and expression rates of uCIS and reactive/normal urothelium.…”

Prognostic Implications of CD24, SOX2, and Nanog Expression in Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma

“…CD24 membranous and cytoplasmic immunostaining was scored by using semiquantitative methods as follows: 0—negative if <1% stained cells or positive (>1%) and graded as 1—weak, 2—moderate, 3—strong, and 4 according to staining intensity 19 …”

“…CD24 membranous and cytoplasmic immunostaining was scored by using semiquantitative methods as follows: 0-negative if <1% stained cells or positive ( > 1%) and graded as 1-weak, 2-moderate, 3-strong, and 4 according to staining intensity. 19 SOX2 reactions were detected as brownish staining, mainly in the nucleus of tumor cells. The score representing the percentage of the positive tumor cells was assigned as follows: 0: negative; 1: <25%; 2: 25% to 50%; 3: 50% to 75%; and 4: > 75%.…”