Expression of Cucumber mosaic virus suppressor 2b alters FWA methylation and its siRNA accumulation in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Hamera, Sadia; Yan, Youngsheng; Song, Xiaoguang; Chaudhary, Safee Ullah; Murtaza, Iram; Su, Lei; Tariq, Muhammad; Chen, Xiaoying; Fang, Rongxiang

doi:10.1242/bio.017244

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…CMV has been previously linked to changes in DNA methylation via its viral silencing suppressor protein 2b 55,56 , which has been proposed to sequester RdDM-derived siRNAs, and as a consequence of the infection per se 47,48 . Our WGBS analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterochromatin re-organization associated with the transcriptional reprogramming under viral infection inArabidopsis

Annacondia,

Juarez-Gonzalez,

Cheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Epigenetic mechanisms are key regulators of genomic integrity and genic expression. Emerging evidence shows that epigenetic regulation is an important component of the transcriptional reprogramming during stress. Despite this, the overall stress-induced reprogramming of the different epigenetic marks and their targets are unknown. Here, we uncovered multiple epigenetic changes taking place during viral infection in Arabidopsis thaliana and their connection with gene expression. We find that cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection induces an overall reorganization of the repressive epigenetic marks H3K9me2, H3K27me3, and DNA methylation, which interact between them and are dynamic during infection. Overall, these epigenetic changes are involved in the reprogramming of the transcriptional program to adapt to the biotic stress, and might ensure genome stability through the transcriptional control of transposable elements (TEs). Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the catalytic component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) CURLY LEAF (CLF) mediates the transcriptional repression of genes gaining H3K27me3 during viral infection and that mutants on that component induce resistance against CMV. Altogether, our results provide a complete picture of the epigenetic changes that occur during biotic stress and exemplify the overall dynamism of epigenetic regulation in eukaryotic organisms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterochromatin re-organization associated with the transcriptional reprogramming under viral infection inArabidopsis

Annacondia,

Juarez-Gonzalez,

Cheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…It is plausible to speculate that the promoter of antiviral (or stress responsive) AGOs are prone to experience epigenetic changes or harbor transcription factor binding sites that enhance their expression during stress. CMV is indeed connected to epigenetic changes through the targeting of 24-nt sRNA characteristic of the RdDM pathway by its VSR 2b [ 20 , 42 ]. A reduced amount of 24-nt sRNAs will cause a reduction in DNA methylation that might affect the transcription of epigenetically labile regions [ 75 ], such as the ones present in the promoter region of AGO2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reprogramming of RNA silencing triggered by cucumber mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis

Annacondia

Martínez

2021

Genome Biol

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Background RNA silencing has an important role mediating sequence-specific virus resistance in plants. The complex interaction of viruses with RNA silencing involves the loading of viral small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) into its host ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins. As a side effect of their antiviral activity, vsiRNAs loading into AGO proteins can also mediate the silencing of endogenous genes. Here, we analyze at the genome-wide level both aspects of the interference of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) with the RNA silencing machinery of Arabidopsis thaliana. Results We observe CMV-derived vsiRNAs affect the levels of endogenous sRNA classes. Furthermore, we analyze the incorporation of vsiRNAs into AGO proteins with a described antiviral role and the viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) 2b, by combining protein immunoprecipitation with sRNA high-throughput sequencing. Interestingly, vsiRNAs represent a substantial percentage of AGO-loaded sRNAs and displace other endogenous sRNAs. As a countermeasure, the VSR 2b loaded vsiRNAs and mRNA-derived siRNAs, which affect the expression of the genes they derive from. Additionally, we analyze how vsiRNAs incorporate into the endogenous RNA silencing pathways by exploring their target mRNAs using parallel analysis of RNA end (PARE) sequencing, which allow us to identify vsiRNA-targeted genes genome-wide. Conclusions This work exemplifies the complex relationship of RNA viruses with the endogenous RNA silencing machinery and the multiple aspects of virus resistance and virulence that this interaction induces.

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“…Meanwhile, AtAGO6 also plays a role in transcriptional gene silencing which mediated by RNA in shoot and root meristems [33]. Moreover, AtAGO4 is involved in virus resistance [34, 35]. AtAGO8 is considered as a pseudogene [36] and has no homologous gene in rice and maize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression analysis of Argonaute genes in maize (Zea mays L.) in response to abiotic stress

et al. 2019

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Background Argonaute (AGO) protein is a kind of RNA binding protein that plays an integral role in the gene-silencing pathways guided by small RNAs. But there are few studies about the regulation of AGO genes responded to diverse abiotic stress in maize. Results In this study, we analyzed the expression of seventeen ZmAGO genes under heat, cold, salinity, drought and ABA treatments using quantitative PCR (qPCR). All ZmAGOs showed differential expression modes under various abiotic stress treatments. Two ZmAGOs ( ZmAGO1a and ZmAGO5d ) and other fifteen ZmAGOs exhibited specific up-regulation in response to heat separately. Several ZmAGO genes are very sensitive to cold stress, but many ZmAGO genes are slow to respond to NaCl treatment. Nine ZmAGO genes ( ZmAGO1f , ZmAGO2b , ZmAGO4 , ZmAGO5a/b/c , ZmAGO7 , ZmAGO9 and ZmAGO18a/b ) presented definite up-regulation in response to drought, which were similar to the pattern of gene regulation under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Conclusions Various ZmAGO genes respond to different abiotic stress treatments. These results provide fundamental information and insights for the further study on the role of abiotic stress resistance genes in maize and provide basis for further study on the function of AGO genes in response to abiotic stress in maize. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s41065-019-0102-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Expression of Cucumber mosaic virus suppressor 2b alters FWA methylation and its siRNA accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Heterochromatin re-organization associated with the transcriptional reprogramming under viral infection inArabidopsis

Heterochromatin re-organization associated with the transcriptional reprogramming under viral infection inArabidopsis

Reprogramming of RNA silencing triggered by cucumber mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis

Expression analysis of Argonaute genes in maize (Zea mays L.) in response to abiotic stress

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