Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in fine-needle aspirates from breast carcinoma and benign breast diseases

Expression of Ki‐67 and p27Kip1 in fine‐needle aspirates from breast carcinoma and benign breast diseases

“…Cytological specimens on the other two glasses were fixed in cold acetone (+48C) for 3 minutes for immunocytochemical staining. 15 Besides FNA breast specimens, imprint specimens of breast tissue were also used for immunocytochemistry of the same patients in this study (21 carcinomas, 6 fibroadenomas, and 8 FCC with atypia).…”

“…Finally, the smears were counterstained with hematoxylin and mounted in an aqueous mounting medium. 15 …”

“…[14][15][16][17] Thus, the molecules reflecting proliferative cell potential or indicating DNA cell activity (receptors for growth factors, bcl and bax proteins, enzymes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA regulation molecules) can help in recognizing a true biological nature in both benign proliferative breast disease with cell atypia and breast cancer. [14][15][16][17] It is also known that a degree of breast cell Ki-67 (low expression in benign proliferative breast diseases) and p27 Kip1 (high expression in benign proliferative breast diseases) immunopositivity is associated with proliferative cell activity. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Ki-67 is a 395-kDA protein of the nucleus coded by gene on chromosome 10 with expression in late G1, S, M and G2 cell cycle phases so that it cannot be found in G0 cell cycle phase.…”