Expression of CysLTR1 and 2 in Maturating Lymphocytes of Hyperplasic Tonsils Compared to Peripheral Cells in Children

Abstract

Cysteinyl-leukotriene receptors 1 and 2 (CysLTR1 and 2) are related to allergic inflammatory responses. Recent studies demonstrated their role in lymphocyte division and maturation in the bone marrow. Few data are available about CysLTRs function in lymphocyte maturation in tonsils. The objectives of this study are to compare CysLTRs expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes with expression in maturating lymphocytes of hyperplasic tonsil and to check the influence of respiratory allergies in this process. Leukocytes of peripheral blood (PL) and hyperplasic tonsils of children were immunostained for CysLTR1, CysLTR2, CD3 (T cells), and CD19 (B cells) and read in flow cytometer. Lymphocyte of tonsils were divided in differentiating small cells (SC) and mitotic large cells (LC); percentage of B and T cells expressing CysLTRs was determined, and comparison was done using ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Data were analyzed as a whole and categorizing patients according the presence of allergies. Sixty children were enrolled in this study. There was a large expression of CysLTR1 and 2 in CD3+ LC, and such expression decreased progressively in SC and PL. In B cells, the highest expression of CysLTR1 and 2 was found in PL while SC showed the lowest and LC showed the intermediate expression. This pattern kept unchanged in groups of allergic and non-allergic individuals. CysLTRs seem to be involved in lymphocyte maturation that occurs in tonsils, without influence of allergies. New studies aiming the clinic treatment of tonsil hyperplasia must be targeted to the development of drugs capable of blocking both CysLTR1 and 2.

Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children: Handling the Unknown with Precision

“…The initial open-labeled study examining a potential role for anti-leukotriene therapy in pediatric OSA showed encouraging evidence that improvements in both the severity of respiratory disturbance and in the adenoid size could be anticipated in a large proportion of children with mild OSA [60]. We subsequently identified the presence of increased expression and activity of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors within lymphadenoid tissues of OSA children, and these could even be detected in exhaled condensate, serum, circulating white blood cells, or in urine [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70]. Two RCTs have been conducted to date and have shown the favorable response to montelukast as a single agent in the treatment of pediatric OSA [71,72].…”

Genome-wide homozygosity and risk of four non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes

“…The chromosome 22q12.2 region includes POZ/BTB and AT hook containing zinc finger 1 (PATZ1), which is a transcription factor that interacts with p53 and may modulate p53-mediated apoptosis [37] . The region also contains phosphoinositide-3-kinase interacting protein 1 (PIK3IP1), which inhibits antitumor immunity [38] . The chromosome 13q14.2 region contains several genes of potential interest, including RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) and cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor 2 (CYSLTR2).…”

“…RB1 is a known tumor suppressor, which is frequently somatically deleted in CLL [ 32 ] . CYSLTR2 is part of the leukotriene pathway and thought to play a role in lymphocyte proliferation and maturation [ 39 ] .…”