Expression of endocannabinoid synthetic enzyme mRNAs is correlated with cannabinoid 1 receptor mRNA in the mouse brain

Tsuyama, Shoichiro; Oikawa, Daichi; Yamasaki, Yasuko; Takagi, S; Ando, Hironori; Furuse, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1080/10284150701250671

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It is possible to consider that dietary LA itself may modulate EC biosynthesis. However, Tsuyama et al 13 reported that gene expressions of enzymes associated with EC metabolism were not altered, even though several doses of AA were given orally to mice. Therefore, we believed that the contribution of LA on EC production might not be strong.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid modifies the brain endocannabinoid system in mice

Tsuyama

Oikawa

Tsuji

et al. 2009

Nutritional Neuroscience

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Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has a role of biogenic regulation through modifying prostaglandin production. However, its effects on related metabolites of arachidonate remain unclear. Therefore, the effects of CLA on brain endocannabinoid content as well as its analogs were investigated. Mice (3-week-old), provided with diets containing 3% linoleic acid or 3% CLA for 4 weeks, were sacrificed and lipids were extracted from their cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. The amounts of N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamide, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), oleoyl-ethanolamide and palmitoyl-ethanolamide were determined quantitatively by LC-MS. The 2-AG level in the cerebral cortex was significantly decreased by CLA treatment, but the other compounds were unaffected in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. The present study indicated that dietary CLA site-selectively decreases 2-AG in the cerebral cortex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid modifies the brain endocannabinoid system in mice

Tsuyama

Oikawa

Tsuji

et al. 2009

Nutritional Neuroscience

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“…(51), mice supplemented with 0.5 weight% of arachidonic acid for 58 days had dramatically increased brain levels of AEA. Dietary arachidonic acid (270 mg/day, corresponding to approximately 1 energy%/day) given for 7 days to mice did not affect the expression of CB 1 receptor or endocannabinoid enzymes (52). Another study found that feeding young mice 10 wt% fish oil for 6 weeks, a diet that is not relevant for humans in terms of the very high fish oil content, resulted in decreased levels of 2‐AG in the brain (53).…”

Section: Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Endocannabinoid Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocannabinoids and Nutrition

Hansen

Artmann

2008

J Neuroendocrinology

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The endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) are bioactive lipids derived from the n‐6 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential fatty acids. Symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency in rats – growth retardation, scaly skin, and increased transepidermal water loss – can mainly be attributed to lack of linoleic acid as a structural element of the epidermis. Arachidonic acid, however, also serve essential functions, particularly in cellular signalling via its precursor role for numerous oxygenated derivatives such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, hepoxilins and other eicosanoids. Furthermore, arachidonic acid is also a structural part of endocannabinoids that have signalling functions in relation to modulation of neurotransmitter release, which might involve physiological and pathophysiological phenomena such as regulation of appetite, energy metabolism, pain perception, memory and learning. Furthermore, along with AEA formation other acylethanolamides are always formed – e.g., oleoylethanolamide (OEA), that can inhibit food intake, and palmitoylethanolamide, that is anti‐inflammatory – possibly through activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR α) and/or GPR119. As all these unsaturated fatty acids are ingested daily in smaller or larger amounts, one can ask whether different dietary fats can affect the levels of these fatty acids in the tissues and thereby the quantitative formation of these bioactive signalling molecules. Generally, in vivo arachidonic‐acid‐derived eicosanoid production can be increased and decreased by prolonged feeding with pharmacological levels of arachidonic acid and long‐chain (n‐3) fatty acids (fish oil), respectively. Changes in levels of these two fatty acids within the traditional human diet hardly affects the eicosanoid production, however. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that dietary intake of arachidonic acid and fish oil also doesn’t easily affect endocannabinoid formation; however, dietary fat in terms of saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated seems to affect tissue levels of AEA, 2‐AG and OEA.

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