Expression of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1 and adiponectin in nipple aspirate fluid and plasma of pre and post-menopausal women

Miller, Jessica A.; Thompson, Patricia A.; Hakim, Iman A.; López, Ana María; Thomson, Cynthia A.; Hsu, Chiu‐Hsieh; Chow, H‐H. Sherry

doi:10.1186/2050-7771-1-18

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…EGF serum levels have been described to inversely correlate with fat mass and BMI, supporting a role of EGF in the pathogenesis of obesity and related diseases [69,70]. Consistently, we found a negative correlation between EGF and BMI, with significantly higher levels of EGF in normal weight than in obese subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…EGF is a potent activator of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and EGF receptors are highly expressed in adipose and muscle tissues [ 68 ]. EGF serum levels have been described to inversely correlate with fat mass and BMI, supporting a role of EGF in the pathogenesis of obesity and related diseases [ 69 , 70 ]. Consistently, we found a negative correlation between EGF and BMI, with significantly higher levels of EGF in normal weight than in obese subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of acute physical exercise on oxidative stress and inflammatory status in young, sedentary obese subjects

et al. 2017

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Circulating oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers change after regular physical exercise; however, how a short session of acute physical activity affects the inflammatory status and redox balance in sedentary individuals is still unclear. Aim of this study is to assess antioxidant and inflammatory parameters, both at rest and after acute exercise, in sedentary young men with or without obesity. Thirty sedentary male volunteers, aged 20–45 (mean age 32 ± 7 years), were recruited, divided into 3 groups (normal weight: BMI < 25 kg/m2; overweight to moderate obesity: 25–35 kg/m2; severe obesity: 35–40 kg/m2), and their blood samples collected before and after a 20-min run at ~ 70% of their VO2max for the measurement of Glutathione Reductase, Glutathione Peroxidase, Superoxide Dismutase, Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, MCP-1, VEGF, IFNγ, EGF). Inter-group comparisons demonstrated significantly higher Glutathione Reductase activity in severely obese subjects in the post-exercise period (P = 0.036), and higher EGF levels in normal weight individuals, either before (P = 0.003) and after exercise (P = 0.05). Intra-group comparisons showed that the acute exercise stress induced a significant increase in Glutathione Reductase activity in severely obese subjects only (P = 0.007), a significant decrease in MCP-1 in the normal weight group (P = 0.02), and a decrease in EGF levels in all groups (normal weight: P = 0.025, overweight/moderate obesity: P = 0.04, severe obesity: P = 0.018). Altogether, these findings suggest that in sedentary individuals with different ranges of BMI, Glutathione Reductase and distinct cytokines are differentially involved into the adaptive metabolic changes and redox responses induced by physical exercise. Therefore, these biomarkers may have the potential to identify individuals at higher risk for developing diseases pathophysiologically linked to oxidative stress.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute physical exercise on oxidative stress and inflammatory status in young, sedentary obese subjects

et al. 2017

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“…Indeed, studies have shown that circulating levels of inflammatory markers such as leptin, adiponectin, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β differ from concentrations measured in mammary tissue. 23 , 24 Therefore, inflammatory marker levels determined from blood samples may not give the same information as that obtained from in situ measurements in breast tissue. Up to now, a single case-control study has examined the relationship between antioxidants and inflammation in breast tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antioxidant Intakes in Relation to Inflammatory Markers Expression Within the Normal Breast Tissue of Breast Cancer Patients

et al. 2016

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Chronic inflammation may be a causative factor in breast cancer. One possible underlying mechanism is the generation of oxidative stress, which may favor tumorigenic processes. Antioxidant consumption may, therefore, help reduce tissue inflammation levels. However, few studies have explored this relation in breast tissue. We aimed to evaluate correlations between antioxidant (vitamin A/retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, α-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, selenium, and zinc) intakes and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, cyclooxygenase-2, leptin, serum amyloid A1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, IL-8, IL-10, lactoferrin, and transforming growth factor-β measured in the normal breast tissue of 160 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Antioxidant intakes were collected using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Inflammation marker expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between antioxidant intakes and inflammatory marker expression were evaluated using Spearman’s partial correlation coefficients (r) for all women and for premenopausal and postmenopausal women separately. After Bonferroni correction, negative correlations were observed between dietary β-tocopherol and IL-10 expression in all women combined (r = −0.26, P = .003) and among postmenopausal women (r = −0.39, P = .003). For all women, a negative correlation was found between total zinc intakes and IL-10 (r = −0.26, P = .002). Among postmenopausal women, dietary selenium intake was negatively correlated with the expression of lactoferrin (r = −0.39, P = .003). No associations were observed in premenopausal women. Our findings suggest that consumption of specific antioxidants, including β-tocopherol, zinc, and selenium, may act on the breast tissue through mechanisms affecting the expression of some inflammation markers, particularly among postmenopausal women.

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“…The strength of this study relies on the rich collection of epidemiological data available for study participants, the evaluation of the expression of multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in normal breast tissue rather than their circulating levels, the application of TMA technique and the evaluation of all markers by one blinded reader. It was previously shown that circulating levels of inflammatory markers do not reflect their protein levels in breast tissue [ 37 , 38 ]. Of note, we have previously demonstrated a fairly good concordance between the expression of inflammatory markers in TMA cores and corresponding measures in whole tissue sections (concordance = 81.5% (70–100%) and kappa = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.45–0.78) [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between local inflammation and breast tissue age-related lobular involution among premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients

et al. 2017

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Increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory markers in the breast tissue can result in local inflammation. We aimed to investigate whether local inflammation in the breast tissue is associated with age-related lobular involution, a process inversely related to breast cancer risk. Levels of eleven pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry in normal breast tissue obtained from 164 pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Involution status of the breast (degree of lobular involution and the predominant lobule type) was microscopically assessed in normal breast tissue on hematoxylin-eosin stained mastectomy slides. Multivariate generalized linear models were used to assess the associations. In age-adjusted analyses, higher levels of pro-inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, COX-2, leptin, SAA1 and IL-8; and anti-inflammatory marker IL-10, were inversely associated with the prevalence of complete lobular involution (all P≤0.04). Higher levels of the pro-inflammatory marker COX-2 were also associated with lower prevalence of predominant type 1/no type 3 lobules in the breast, an indicator of complete involution, in age-adjusted analysis (P = 0.017). Higher tissue levels of inflammatory markers, mainly the pro-inflammatory ones, are associated with less involuted breasts and may consequently be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer.

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Expression of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-β1 and adiponectin in nipple aspirate fluid and plasma of pre and post-menopausal women

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of acute physical exercise on oxidative stress and inflammatory status in young, sedentary obese subjects

Effects of acute physical exercise on oxidative stress and inflammatory status in young, sedentary obese subjects

Evaluation of Antioxidant Intakes in Relation to Inflammatory Markers Expression Within the Normal Breast Tissue of Breast Cancer Patients

Association between local inflammation and breast tissue age-related lobular involution among premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer patients

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