Expression of galanin receptor messenger RNAs in different regions of the rat gastrointestinal tract

Anselmi, Laura; Lakhter, Alexander J.; Hirano, Arlene A.; Tonini, Marcello; Sternini, Catia

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.12.011

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Expression of β-actin was measured in parallel for every sample, and the data obtained for μOR, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 were normalized to those of the β-actin. Relative quantities (RQ) of mRNA were analyzed using the comparative threshold cycle (Ct) method [38, 39]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of μ opioid receptors modulates inflammation in acute experimental colitis

Anselmi

Huynh

Duraffourd

et al. 2015

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of μ opioid receptors modulates inflammation in acute experimental colitis

Anselmi

Huynh

Duraffourd

et al. 2015

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…Total mRNA was extracted from duodenum and ileum using the absolutely RNAா RT-PCR Miniprep kit (Stratagene) as previously described. 40 After verification of its integrity, RNA was quantified spectrophotometrically, and 1 g was processed for complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis using SuperScript II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA). Specific primers for PAR 2 gene were designed by using Primer3 software.…”

Section: Assessment Of Tissue Damage: Microscopic Damage Scorementioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effect of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 Activation on Motility Impairment and Tissue Damage Induced by Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rodents

Cattaruzza

Cenac

Barocelli

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Pathology

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We hypothesized that proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR 2 ) modulates intestinal injuries induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Ischemia (1 hour) plus reperfusion (6 hours) significantly delayed gastrointestinal transit (GIT) compared with sham operation. Intraduodenal injection of PAR 2 -activating peptide SLIGRL-NH 2 significantly accelerated transit in ischemia/reperfusion but not in sham-operated rats. GIT was significantly delayed in ischemia/reperfusion and sham-operated PAR 2 ؊/؊ mice compared with PAR 2 ؉/؉ . SLIGRL-NH 2 significantly accelerated transit in ischemia/reperfusion in PAR 2 ؉/؉ but not in PAR 2 ؊/؊ mice. Prevention of mast cell degranulation with cromolyn, ablation of visceral afferents with capsaicin, and antagonism of calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) and neurokinin-1 receptors with CGRP 8 -37 and RP67580, respectively, abolished the SLIGRL-NH 2 -induced stimulatory effect on transit in ischemia/reperfusion. Tissue damage was significantly reduced by SLIGRL-NH 2 ; this effect was not observed in cromolyn-, capsaicin-, or RP67580-treated rats but was detected following CGRP 8 -37 . Intestinal PAR 2 mRNA levels were not affected by SLIGRL-NH 2 in ischemia/reperfusion. We propose that PAR 2 modulates GIT and tissue damage in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion by a mechanism dependent on mast cells and visceral afferents. PAR 2 effect on transit might be mediated by CGRP and substance P, whereas the effect on tissue damage appears to involve substance P but not CGRP. PAR 2 might be a signaling system in the neuroimmune communication in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion.

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“…Galanin, a human peptide of 30 amino acids is widely distributed at GI level regulating gastric emptying, neuroendocrine release, inflammation, motility, mucosal epithelial cell absorption, ion transport or acid secretion [261,262]. Galanin has also emerged as an interesting potential alternative for the treatment of immunological disorders.…”

Section: In Vitro and Experimental Ibd Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Immunomodulation. Role of Regulative Peptides and Promising Pharmacological Activities

Motilva

Talero²,

Calvo³

et al. 2008

CPD

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About 50 peptides, and a similar number of peptide receptors, are known to be present in the gut and this amount is likely to rise significantly over the next few years. While there has been a massive research effort to define their functions and their anatomical distribution in the central nervous system (CNS), the understanding of their roles in the gut is far more limited. Classically, the physiological functions include the control of motility, fluids, electrolytes, and digestive enzymes secretion, or vascular and visceral pain function, and more recently, the role-played in cell proliferation and survival, and in immune-inflammatory responses. The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that encompasses Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is clearly an inflammatory disease where several mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, prostanoids, nitric oxide or free radicals, produced by infiltrating cells, play a critical role in intestine tissue alteration. Some peptides, initially known for their neuroregulative properties, have been suggested to act as endogenous immune factors, with predominant antiinflammatory effects. Based on these actions, these molecules are proposed as potential agents for the treatment of IBD and selective peptide analogs are being developed as novel therapeutic strategies for IBD patients. Patients with IBD have an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Up to the present time, no known genetic basis has been identified to explain CRC predisposition in these IBD. Instead, it is assumed that chronic inflammation is what causes cancer. This is supported by the fact that colon cancer risk increases with longer duration of colitis, greater anatomic extent of colitis, the concomitant presence of other inflammatory manifestations, and the fact that certain drugs used to treat inflammation, may prevent the development of CRC. However, though different regulative peptides play a beneficial role in experimental IBD, an increasing number of articles about cancer pathology are starting to implicate different peptides in tumor initiation and progression. The complexities of cancer could be described in terms of a small number of underlying principles and the malignant growth is dependent upon a multi-step process including different basic essential alterations. The activities of many peptides that are overexpressed in cancer cells help them to develop several of the molecular and physiological features that are now considered the basis of malignant growth. These collective findings implicate regulative peptides, receptors, or peptide-levels modulators, as important biological targets for developing intervention strategies against intestinal immunological disorders and cancers.

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Expression of galanin receptor messenger RNAs in different regions of the rat gastrointestinal tract

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Activation of μ opioid receptors modulates inflammation in acute experimental colitis

Activation of μ opioid receptors modulates inflammation in acute experimental colitis

Protective Effect of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 Activation on Motility Impairment and Tissue Damage Induced by Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rodents

Intestinal Immunomodulation. Role of Regulative Peptides and Promising Pharmacological Activities

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