Expression of gamma‐aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid decarboxylases in rat descending colon and their relation to epithelial differentiation

Wang, Fang Yu; Zhu, Ren-Min; Maemura, Kentaro; Hirata, Ichiro; Katsu, Ken‐ichi; Watanabe, Masaru

doi:10.1111/j.1443-9573.2006.00247.x

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Glutamic acid is converted to γ-aminobutyric acid by glutamic acid decarboxylase enzyme. Recently, it was shown that glutamic acid decarboxylase and γ- aminobutyric acid are present in the lamina propria of colonic mucosa of rats and may be involved in maturation and differentiation of colonic epithelial cells (39). In the present study, although we detected small amounts of glutamine/glutamate in colonic mucosa using 2D COSY experiments, they were overlapping with those of lipid signals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Potential of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Assessing the Effect of Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in an Animal Model

Varma

Eskin

Bird

et al. 2010

Lipids

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Potential of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Assessing the Effect of Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in an Animal Model

Varma

Eskin

Bird

et al. 2010

Lipids

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“…The latter might occur as a result of the action of either the glutamic acid decarboxylases of gut microbiota or the endogenous GAD of the intestinal epithelium. Of these two options, bacteria as the major source are more likely, because endogenous GABA production is restricted to selected endocrine cells within the epithelium and to neurons that have been proposed to play a role in tissue maturation and differentiation (Gilon et al 1987;Wang et al 2006). Moreover, both commensal and potentially pathogenic bacteria are well known for their ability to synthesize and release large amounts of GABA, especially under acidic stress to remove cytoplasmic protons (Fonda 1972;Gorden and Small 1993;Hersh et al 1996;Ueno et al 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

GABA selectively increases mucin-1 expression in isolated pig jejunum

et al. 2015

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The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) is synthesized by glutamic acid decarboxylase, which is expressed in the central nervous system and in various other tissues including the intestine. Moreover, GABA can be ingested in vegetarian diets or produced by bacterial commensals in the gastrointestinal tract. As previous studies in lung have suggested a link between locally increased GABA availability and mucin 5AC production, the present study sought to test whether the presence or lack of GABA (and its precursor glutamine) has an effect on intestinal mucin expression. Porcine jejunum epithelial preparations were incubated with two different amounts of GABA or glutamine on the mucosal side for 4 h, and changes in the relative gene expression of seven different mucins, enzymes involved in mucin shedding, GABA B receptor, enzymes involved in glutamine/GABA metabolism, glutathione peroxidase 2, and interleukin 10 were examined by quantitative PCR (TaqMan(®) assays). Protein expression of mucin-1 (MUC1) was analyzed by Western blot. On the RNA level, only MUC1 was significantly up-regulated by both GABA concentrations compared with the control. Glutamine-treated groups showed the same trend. On the protein level, all treatment groups showed a significantly higher MUC1 expression than the control group. We conclude that GABA selectively increases the expression of MUC1, a cell surface mucin that prevents the adhesion of microorganisms, because of its size and negative charge, and therefore propose that the well-described positive effects of glutamine on enterocytes and intestinal integrity are partly attributable to effects of its metabolite GABA.

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“…GAD1 is also expressed in NE cells including adrenal chromaffin cells, prostate NE cells, enteroendocrine cells and pancreatic beta cells. GABA that is secreted by these cell types is postulated to bind to GABA receptors on neighboring luminal epithelial cells, regulating their activity [37, [109][110][111][112]. A second pathway for GABA biosynthesis has also been identified and involves the enzyme amiloride binding protein 1 (ABP1), also known as diamine oxidase (DAO) or histaminase [113].…”

Section: Gaba Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current concepts in neuroendocrine cancer metabolism

Ippolito

2006

Pituitary

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Neuroendocrine (NE) cancers occur in multiple anatomic locations and range in prognosis from indolent to aggressive. In addition, adenocarcinomas can express gene products associated with NE cells, referred to as NE differentiation (NED), which correlates with poor prognosis and aggressive disease. Several metabolites and peptides produced by NE cells have been discovered that engage in cellular signaling and have autocrine and paracrine effects on cancer cell proliferation. This review focuses on the current knowledge of small molecule metabolism in NE cancers involving the synthesis of biogenic amine, polyamine, and amino acid neurotransmitters. Systems biology-directed approaches to NE cancer metabolism using gene expression profiling, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are also discussed. Furthermore, knowledge of metabolic and signaling pathways in NE cancers has led to the successful implementation of therapeutic regimens in cell culture and animal models of NE carcinogenesis.

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Expression of gamma‐aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid decarboxylases in rat descending colon and their relation to epithelial differentiation

Abstract: The expression of GABA and GADs in the maturation and function zones of rat descending colon suggests that GABA may be involved in the differentiation of colonic epithelial cells.

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Potential of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Assessing the Effect of Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in an Animal Model

Potential of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Assessing the Effect of Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Bowel Disease in an Animal Model

GABA selectively increases mucin-1 expression in isolated pig jejunum

Current concepts in neuroendocrine cancer metabolism

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