Expression of Genes Affecting Skin Coloration and Sugar Accumulation in ‘Hongro’ Apple Fruits at Ripening Stages in High Temperatures

Differential Expression of Genes in Response to Temperature Conditions Selected by Transcriptome Analysis of Grapevine Leaves

“…Temperature is the most important environmental factor in viticulture, and grapevine activates various genes related in metabolic processes including carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism during bud and vine growth and berry development of grapes in optimal temperature condition (Kaplan et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2016Kim et al, , 2017. A transcriptome analysis of grape berries exposed to high temperature reported that expression of genes, including isocitratelyase, cysteine proteinases superfamily protein, and cupin family proteins, were highly induced, and expression of genes including flavanon3-hydroxylase, phenylalanine (PHE) ammonia lyase 1, and chlorophyll A-B binding family protein were the most inhibited (Kim et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2018). It is also reported that sulfur metabolism plays an important role in the stress response in grapevines (Koprivova and Kopriva, 2008) The BCL-2-associated athanogene 6 gene, the most abundant transcript in grapevine leaves exposed to high temperature, is related to apoptosis and is known to be induced by various stimuli.…”

“…While cool conditions are favorable for berry skin coloration, a continuous high temperature generally inhibits the accumulation of pigments such as anthocyanins due to changes in physiological activities, and expression of genes related to metabolism in the skin of grape berries (Kliewer and Torres, 1972;Mori et al, 2005;Matsumoto et al, 2007;Mori et al, 2007;Kim et al, 2015).…”