Expression of genes related to flavonoid and stilbene synthesis as affected by signaling chemicals and Botrytis cinerea in grapevines

Abstract

Recent studies have shown that the expression of genes related to the synthesis of flavonoids, such as the phenylalanineammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and stilbene synthase (STS) genes were induced in response to different signaling molecules and Botrytis cinerea inoculation in grapevine leaves. Therefore, in the present study, the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of STS genes from cultivars Campbell Early and Kyoho were compared. The deduced amino acid sequences of VlKSTS12, VlKSTS11, VICESTS13, and VlKSTS1 showed 100 % homology to VlCESTS12, VlCESTS11, VICESTS24, and VlKSTS13, respectively, in Campbell Early and Kyoho. In addition, the maximum transcription was observed 6 h after chemical treatments. In Campbell Early, the transcription of PAL, CHS, and CHI was higher in leaves treated with ethephon than in those treated with hydrogen peroxide, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid. The PAL, CHS, and CHI genes were more induced in Campbell Early than in Kyoho. The mRNA content of STS genes started to increase at 6 h and peaked at 48 h after the treatments. In Kyoho leaves, the expression of STSs was highly up-regulated at 1 h and peaked at 6 h after the treatments. The expression of the STS genes was induced in both the cultivars in leaves inoculated with B. cinerea. STS11 and STS12 showed differential expression patterns from STS1, STS24, and STS13 in Campbell Early leaves inoculated with B. cinerea.

Exogenous phytohormones increase the accumulation of health-promoting metabolites, and influence the expression patterns of biosynthesis related genes and biological activity in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa spp. pekinensis)

“…3a). Similar with our results, PAL and CHI genes were upregulated with the treatment of ETH, JA, and SA in grapevine plants (Ahn et al, 2014). FLS gene expression was significantly higher in the JA, ABA, SA and ETH treatments than control plants (Fig.…”

Dynamics of accumulation of coumarin-related compounds in leaves of Matricaria chamomilla after methyl jasmonate elicitation

“…Similar to the induction of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, enhanced enzyme activity has been proven. Activity of PAL, cinnamic acid 4-hydoxylase or chalcone synthase and isomerase, as well as the activity of related genes, was all stimulated after MeJA treatment (Sahu et al 2013;Ahn et al 2014). Several enzymes mentioned are also included in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the formation of various coumarins (simplified in Fig.…”

“…The enhanced elicitation of plant secondary metabolites ensures the plant's survival, persistence and competitiveness. For example, exogenous MeJA application dramatically enhances not only the production of medically or dietary interesting metabolites, such as phenols (Ahn et al 2014;Sircar et al 2012), terpenoids (Wang et al 2010;Onrubia et al 2013) or anthocyanins (Ram et al 2013), but also other secondary metabolites accompanied with disease resistance, such as polyamines (Cao et al 2014). The expression of corresponding genes and the activity of enzymes has also been demonstrated that MeJA treatment triggers defence-related reactions in a variety of experimental plant systems, such as intact plants, detached plant parts, cells suspension cultures or protoplasts.…”

Pre‐véraison treatment of salicylic acid to enhance anthocyanin content of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries

“…Salicylic acid treatments were found to enhance the in vitro anthocyanin biosynthesis in callus cultures of Daucus carota . Many studies previously reported positive effects of exogenous SA treatment on phenolic, flavonoid, and anthocyanin enhancement . In grapes, positive effects of SA application on the production of phenylpropanoids, anthocyanins, and flavonols have been reported together with enhancement of gene expression related to the synthesis of flavonoids …”