Expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in epithelial skin tumors

Cooperative Autocrine and Paracrine Functions of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in the Progression of Skin Carcinoma Cells

“…In contrast, subcutaneous injection of G-CSF transfectants produced invasive tumors with pronounced proliferation in the tumor periphery. This G-CSFinduced stimulation of tumor growth is in agreement with studies showing that the expression of G-CSF receptor in head and neck tumors and coexpression of G-CSF and its receptor in SCCs are associated with a higher rate of tumor recurrence and a worse prognosis for the patient (30,37). In support of this, intraperitoneal application of G-CSF was shown to enhance the growth of subcutaneously injected tumors (38).…”

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor signalling via Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in ovarian cancer

“…A number of studies have described roles for altered signalling from IL-6R family members as a contributing factor to a range of malignancies. For example, leukaemia inhibitor factor (LIF) has been shown to stimulate growth of pancreatic carcinomas (Kamohara et al , 2007); both IL-6 and oncostatin M (OSM) are able to stimulate proliferation of prostate cancer cells (Godoy-Tundidor et al , 2005), while granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has similar roles in leukaemia (Katayama et al , 1998) and squamous cell carcinoma (Hirai et al , 2001). Autocrine activation appears to have a key role, as described for IL-6/IL-6R in a variety of tumours (Grivennikov and Karin, 2008) and G-CSF/G-CSFR during malignant transformation in bladder cancer (Chakraborty et al , 2004).…”

Pathobiology of actinic keratosis: Ultraviolet-dependent keratinocyte proliferation

“…A significant, positive correlation has been noted between increased expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in skin tumors, indicating that they may form an autocrine loop for the proliferation of skin tumors. 64 …”