Expression of heparanase in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

BackgroundHeparanase is an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate chains. Oligosaccharides generated by heparanase induce tumor progression. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma comprise types of nonmelanoma skin cancer.ObjectivesEvaluate the glycosaminoglycans profile and expression of heparanase in two human cell lines established in culture, immortalized skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) and squamous cell carcinoma (A431) and also investigate the expression of heparanase in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and eyelid skin of individuals not affected by the disease (control).MethodsGlycosaminoglycans were quantified by electrophoresis and indirect ELISA method. The heparanase expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRTPCR).ResultsThe A431 strain showed significant increase in the sulfated glycosaminoglycans, increased heparanase expression and decreased hyaluronic acid, comparing to the HaCaT lineage. The mRNA expression of heparanase was significantly higher in Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma compared with control skin samples. It was also observed increased heparanase expression in squamous cell carcinoma compared to the Basal cell carcinoma.ConclusionThe glycosaminoglycans profile, as well as heparanase expression are different between HaCaT and A431 cell lines. The increased expression of heparanase in Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma suggests that this enzyme could be a marker for the diagnosis of such types of non-melanoma cancers, and may be useful as a target molecule for future alternative treatment.

The Hyaluronan Pericellular Coat and Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment of Cells

“…Pinhal et al determined the amount of HA produced by HaCaT keratinocytes using a fluorimetric measurement [81]. In our study, using immune fluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we could show for the first time that HaCaT cells express the HA as a pericellular coat.…”

“…Pinhal et al determined the amount of HA produced by HaCaT keratinocytes using a fluorimetric measurement [81]. In our study, using immune fluorescence staining and confocal laser With these first additional investigations, we could show that the effect of PAM on HaCaT cells was not solely mediated by the relatively longer-lived reactive species H 2 O 2 contained in PAM.…”

“…Amounts in the skin are comparatively high and higher in fetal and young skin than in older skin [17]. Interestingly, in melanoma or other epidermal cancers, the HA content does not correlate with the tumor progression [82], and reduced expression of HA is found to be a marker for poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma [81,83].…”

Unraveling the ECM-Immune Cell Crosstalk in Skin Diseases

“…Transgenic mice lacking MMP-9 reduced the tumor invasiveness in a mouse model of SCC whereas, transplanting MMP-9 producing bone marrow cells increased tumor invasiveness (Coussens et al, 2000). The cleaved oligosaccharides generated by heparinize digestion of heparin sulfate chains is shown to play an important role in tumor progression in BCCs and SCCs (Pinhal et al, 2016). The abundance and stiffness of collagen also play an important role in melanoma progression where it stimulates proliferation and differentiation in a YAP/PAX3/MITF dependent manner (Miskolczi et al, 2018).…”

A Rare and Aggressive Tumor: Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Coexisting With Basal Cell Carcinoma – Case Report

“…However, SCC is associated with a considerable risk for local recurrence and metastasis. Patients with BCC are more likely to develop subsequent BCC, SCC and malignant melanoma (1). However, acantholytic SCC is a rare and distinctive histologic subtype of SCC.…”