Expression of HMGB1 protein in human cervical squamous epithelium carcinoma

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of the high mobility group box1(HMGB1) in human cervical squamous epithelial carcinoma (CSEC) and to explore the relationship of HMGB1 expression to the differentiation degree, size, invasion and metastasis of CSEC. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays and Western blot analysis were conducted to detect the expression of HMGB1 in the following tissue samples: 30 carcinoma in situ, 90 invasive CSEC without metastasis, 30 invasive CSEC with metastasis, 30 cases of normal cervical squamous epithelia. RESULTS The positive-expression rate of HMGB1 was 58.7% (88/150) in CSEC, showing a signifi cant difference compared to normal cervical squamous epithelia. The expression of HMGB1 was correlated with tumor size, invasion and metastasis of CSEC (respectively, P<0.01), but had no relationship with the degree of differentiation (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The over-expression of HMGB1 in CSEC might be a useful parameter as an indication of tumor invasion, metastasis, prognosis and overall biological behavior of human CSEC, as well as a noval target site for gene therapy.KEYWORDS: cervical squamous epithelium carcinoma (CSEC), high mobility group box1 HMGB1, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, tumor invasion.

Enabling Logistics Automation in Nanofactory: Cobalt Phosphide Embedded Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

“…Generally, organic pollutants coexist with NO 3 − in water environment. [ 10,11 ] Therefore, the interference of organic pollutants on NitRR performance of CoP/Zn‐ZIF was further investigated by choosing three common pollutants, including tetracycline (Tet), phenol (Phe), and methylene blue (MB). Notably, NO 3 − can still be converted into NH 4 + with negligible decline in activity, FE and ammonia yield under the interference of organic pollutants (Figures S16 and S17, Supporting Information).…”

“…The fast consumption of NO 3 − especially at high current density would cause insufficient raw material supply, reducing the kinetics of NitRR. [ 10,11 ] The structural engineering of electrocatalysts toward local enrichment of NO 3 − can facilitate the contact between NO 3 − and active sites and break the mass diffusion limitation, promoting the conversion of NO 3 − . [ 10 ] 2) Engineering of active sites.…”

“…[ 10,11 ] The structural engineering of electrocatalysts toward local enrichment of NO 3 − can facilitate the contact between NO 3 − and active sites and break the mass diffusion limitation, promoting the conversion of NO 3 − . [ 10 ] 2) Engineering of active sites. The optimization of electronic structures of active sites can not only regulate the absorption of key intermediates during NitRR toward reduced energy barriers but also strengthen the adsorption of active H intermediates ( H ads ) to restrict the HER, improving both the NitRR activity and selectivity.…”